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100 câu Error correction Topic: Petroleum Industry Level: B1-B2
100 câu Error correction Topic: Petroleum Industry Level: B1-B2

Trong ngành Dầu khí, một lỗi sai ngữ pháp hay dùng từ không chuẩn xác trong quy trình vận hành có thể dẫn đến những thiệt hại kinh tế khổng lồ, thậm chí là rủi ro an toàn. Bạn đã thực sự làm chủ kỹ năng Error correction để kiểm soát hoàn toàn các văn bản kỹ thuật phức tạp? Việc nhận diện lỗi sai (Error correction) ở trình độ B1-B2 đòi hỏi sự nhạy bén không chỉ về cấu trúc câu mà còn về thuật ngữ chuyên môn đặc thù.

Nhiều kỹ sư và chuyên viên thường xuyên “mất điểm” trong mắt đối tác quốc tế chỉ vì những lỗi chia thì, câu bị động hay từ vựng chuyên ngành dùng sai ngữ cảnh. Bài viết này sẽ cung cấp cho bạn 100 câu hỏi bài tập thực tế, giúp bạn “bắt bệnh” nhanh chóng các lỗi sai kinh điển, củng cố tư duy ngôn ngữ và tự tin hơn khi soạn thảo báo cáo hay giao tiếp trong môi trường năng lượng toàn cầu. Hãy cùng khám phá ngay!

Tham khảo thêm về Linguaskill

Bài tập 1

ERROR CORRECTION
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Level: B1-B2
Instructions: Each of the following 50 sentences contains exactly one error (grammar or vocabulary). Identify the error and rewrite the sentence correctly in your notebook.

No.Sentence
1The upstream sector of the petroleum industry include exploration and production activities.
2Downstream operations involves the refining and distribution of oil products.
3Fossil fuels such as petroleum is non-renewable energy sources.
4The price of oil have fluctuated due the recent geopolitical tensions.
5By 2040, the world will have reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.
6Companies must invest for enhanced oil recovery to maximize production.
7Offshore platforms must to withstand extreme weather conditions.
8The exploration team have found new oil reserves in the North Sea.
9Liquefied natural gas are shipped to Europe from the United States.
10Its important for oil companies to reduce their carbon footprint.
11Seismic surveys is used to locate underground oil deposits.
12The midstream sector is responsible to transport oil and gas.
13OPEC have a significant influence on global oil prices.
14The reserves is estimated at 1.7 trillion barrels worldwide.
15Fracking technology have allowed the extraction of shale gas efficiently.
16Carbon capture and storage are a promising technology for reducing emissions.
17The transition to sustainable energy are a global priority.
18Geopolitical factors often affects oil supply and demand.
19The refinery capacity of the plant are 150,000 barrels per day.
20Sustainable practices in the industry helps to protect the environment.
21Hydrocarbons is the main component of petroleum.
22The Arctic region contain large untapped oil reserves.
23Energy companies is investing heavily in research and development.
24The use of biofuels can helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
25Pipeline leaks can causes serious environmental damage.
26The global oil supply are expected to meet demand in the coming years.
27Shale gas production have increased dramatically in recent years.
28Environmental regulations is becoming stricter in the petroleum sector.
29The price volatility affect the economy of oil-exporting countries.
30Advanced drilling techniques allows companies to access deeper reservoirs.
31The industry is adapting due climate change policies.
32Natural gas are a cleaner alternative to coal.
33The global reserves of petroleum is decreasing rapidly.
34Fracking involve injecting high-pressure fluids into the rock.
35The demand for petroleum products have decreased in some markets.
36Environmental impact assessments is required before drilling new wells.
37The price volatility can affects investment decisions.
38LNG terminals is built to receive imported gas.
39The company have invested billions in offshore projects.
40Sustainable practices helps to minimize environmental damage.
41The midstream sector include pipelines and storage facilities.
42Geologists uses advanced tools for seismic exploration.
43The transition will requires massive investment in infrastructure.
44Oil sands is a source of unconventional oil.
45Carbon capture technology are still in its early stages.
46The reserves in Venezuela is among the largest in the world.
47Biofuels is considered a renewable alternative to fossil fuels.
48The Arctic drilling pose significant environmental risks.
49Energy security are a major concern for many nations.
50The petroleum industry are undergoing a major transformation due to the energy transition.

ANSWER KEY

No.Key AnswerDetailed Explanation (Vietnamese)New Vocabulary
1The upstream sector of the petroleum industry includes exploration and production activities.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ (Subject-Verb Agreement). “Sector” là danh từ số ít nên động từ phải thêm “-s” (includes). Quy tắc: Chủ ngữ số ít + động từ số ít.upstream sector
2Downstream operations involve the refining and distribution of oil products.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Operations” là số nhiều nên dùng “involve” (không thêm -s).downstream
3Fossil fuels such as petroleum are non-renewable energy sources.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Fossil fuels” số nhiều → “are”.fossil fuel
4The price of oil has fluctuated due to the recent geopolitical tensions.Lỗi thì (Present Perfect) và giới từ. “Have” sai với chủ ngữ số ít “price”; “due” phải là “due to”.geopolitical
5By 2040, the world will have reduced its reliance on fossil fuels.Lỗi thì Future Perfect. Sau “will have” phải dùng past participle “reduced”.fossil fuel
6Companies must invest in enhanced oil recovery to maximize production.Lỗi giới từ collocation. “Invest in” (đầu tư vào) là cách dùng đúng, không phải “for”.enhanced oil recovery
7Offshore platforms must withstand extreme weather conditions.Lỗi sau modal “must”. Động từ phải ở dạng nguyên thể (không “to”).offshore
8The exploration team has found new oil reserves in the North Sea.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Team” số ít → “has”.exploration, reserves
9Liquefied natural gas is shipped to Europe from the United States.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Liquefied natural gas” (LNG) là danh từ không đếm được → “is”.liquefied natural gas (LNG)
10It’s important for oil companies to reduce their carbon footprint.Lỗi sở hữu (its/it’s). “It’s” = “It is” (quan trọng là…).carbon footprint
11Seismic surveys are used to locate underground oil deposits.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Surveys” số nhiều → “are”.seismic survey
12The midstream sector is responsible for transporting oil and gas.Lỗi giới từ. “Responsible for + V-ing” là cấu trúc đúng.midstream
13OPEC has a significant influence on global oil prices.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “OPEC” (tổ chức) được xem là số ít → “has”.OPEC
14The reserves are estimated at 1.7 trillion barrels worldwide.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Reserves” số nhiều → “are”.reserves
15Fracking technology has allowed the extraction of shale gas efficiently.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Technology” số ít → “has”.fracking, shale gas
16Carbon capture and storage is a promising technology for reducing emissions.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. Cụm danh từ số ít → “is”.carbon capture
17The transition to sustainable energy is a global priority.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Transition” số ít → “is”.sustainable, energy transition
18Geopolitical factors often affect oil supply and demand.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Factors” số nhiều → “affect”.geopolitical
19The refinery capacity of the plant is 150,000 barrels per day.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Capacity” số ít → “is”.refinery capacity
20Sustainable practices in the industry help to protect the environment.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Practices” số nhiều → “help”.sustainable
21Hydrocarbons are the main component of petroleum.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Hydrocarbons” số nhiều → “are”.hydrocarbon
22The Arctic region contains large untapped oil reserves.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Region” số ít → “contains”.reserves
23Energy companies are investing heavily in research and development.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Companies” số nhiều → “are”.energy transition
24The use of biofuels can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Lỗi động từ sau modal “can”. Phải dùng nguyên thể “help”.biofuel, greenhouse gas
25Pipeline leaks can cause serious environmental damage.Lỗi động từ sau modal “can”. Phải dùng nguyên thể “cause”.pipeline
26The global oil supply is expected to meet demand in the coming years.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Supply” số ít → “is”.reserves
27Shale gas production has increased dramatically in recent years.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Production” số ít → “has”.shale gas
28Environmental regulations are becoming stricter in the petroleum sector.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Regulations” số nhiều → “are”.emission
29The price volatility affects the economy of oil-exporting countries.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Volatility” số ít → “affects”.geopolitical
30Advanced drilling techniques allow companies to access deeper reservoirs.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Techniques” số nhiều → “allow”.exploration
31The industry is adapting due to climate change policies.Lỗi giới từ. “Due to” = vì (đúng collocation).energy transition
32Natural gas is a cleaner alternative to coal.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Natural gas” không đếm được → “is”.fossil fuel
33The global reserves of petroleum are decreasing rapidly.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Reserves” số nhiều → “are”.reserves
34Fracking involves injecting high-pressure fluids into the rock.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Fracking” số ít → “involves”.fracking
35The demand for petroleum products has decreased in some markets.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Demand” số ít → “has”.production
36Environmental impact assessments are required before drilling new wells.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Assessments” số nhiều → “are”.emission
37The price volatility can affect investment decisions.Lỗi động từ sau modal “can”. Phải dùng nguyên thể “affect”.geopolitical
38LNG terminals are built to receive imported gas.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Terminals” số nhiều → “are”.liquefied natural gas (LNG)
39The company has invested billions in offshore projects.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Company” số ít → “has”.offshore
40Sustainable practices help to minimize environmental damage.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Practices” số nhiều → “help”.sustainable
41The midstream sector includes pipelines and storage facilities.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Sector” số ít → “includes”.midstream
42Geologists use advanced tools for seismic exploration.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Geologists” số nhiều → “use”.seismic survey
43The transition will require massive investment in infrastructure.Lỗi thì tương lai đơn. Sau “will” dùng nguyên thể “require”.energy transition
44Oil sands are a source of unconventional oil.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Oil sands” số nhiều → “are”.oil sands, unconventional
45Carbon capture technology is still in its early stages.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Technology” số ít → “is”.carbon capture
46The reserves in Venezuela are among the largest in the world.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Reserves” số nhiều → “are”.reserves
47Biofuels are considered a renewable alternative to fossil fuels.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Biofuels” số nhiều → “are”.biofuel
48The Arctic drilling poses significant environmental risks.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Drilling” số ít → “poses”.offshore
49Energy security is a major concern for many nations.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Security” số ít → “is”.energy security
50The petroleum industry is undergoing a major transformation due to the energy transition.Lỗi hòa hợp chủ-ngữ. “Industry” số ít → “is”.energy transition

VOCABULARY LIST

WordIPAMeaningExample
upstream/ˈʌpstriːm/phần thượng nguồn (khai thác & thăm dò)The upstream sector focuses on finding and drilling new oil fields.
downstream/ˈdaʊnstriːm/phần hạ nguồn (lọc dầu & phân phối)Downstream operations turn crude oil into gasoline and diesel.
fossil fuel/ˈfɒsəl fjuːəl/nhiên liệu hóa thạchFossil fuels like petroleum cause greenhouse gas emissions.
geopolitical/ˌdʒiːəʊpəˈlɪtɪkl/thuộc địa chính trịGeopolitical tensions often raise oil prices.
enhanced oil recovery/ɪnˈhɑːnst ɔɪl rɪˈkʌvəri/thu hồi dầu tăng cườngEnhanced oil recovery helps extract more oil from old fields.
offshore/ˌɒfˈʃɔː(r)/ngoài khơiOffshore platforms operate in deep ocean waters.
liquefied natural gas (LNG)/ˈlɪkwɪfaɪd ˈnætʃrəl ɡæs/khí tự nhiên hóa lỏngLNG is transported by special ships to Europe.
carbon footprint/ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/dấu chân carbonCompanies work to reduce their carbon footprint.
seismic survey/ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɜːveɪ/khảo sát địa chấnSeismic surveys help locate underground oil deposits.
midstream/ˈmɪdstriːm/phần trung nguồn (vận chuyển & lưu trữ)The midstream sector uses pipelines and tankers.
OPEC/ˈəʊpek/Tổ chức Các nước Xuất khẩu Dầu mỏOPEC has influence on global oil prices.
reserves/rɪˈzɜːvz/trữ lượng dầu/khíGlobal oil reserves are estimated at trillions of barrels.
fracking/ˈfrækɪŋ/khai thác thủy lực (fracking)Fracking has increased shale gas production in the US.
shale gas/ʃeɪl ɡæs/khí đá phiếnShale gas is an important unconventional resource.
carbon capture/ˈkɑːbən ˈkæptʃə(r)/thu giữ carbonCarbon capture technology reduces emissions from factories.
sustainable/səˈsteɪnəbl/bền vữngSustainable practices protect the environment.
hydrocarbon/ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑːbən/hydrocarbonPetroleum is mainly made of hydrocarbons.
energy transition/ˈenədʒi trænˈzɪʃən/chuyển đổi năng lượngThe energy transition is moving away from fossil fuels.
refinery capacity/rɪˈfaɪnəri kəˈpæsəti/công suất nhà máy lọc dầuThe refinery capacity is 150,000 barrels per day.
greenhouse gas/ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɡæs/khí nhà kínhGreenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change.
biofuel/ˈbaɪəʊfjuːəl/nhiên liệu sinh họcBiofuels are a renewable alternative to petroleum.
oil sands/ɔɪl sændz/cát dầuOil sands provide unconventional oil in Canada.
unconventional/ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl/phi truyền thốngUnconventional oil includes shale and oil sands.
energy security/ˈenədʒi sɪˈkjʊərəti/an ninh năng lượngEnergy security is a major concern for many nations.
exploration/ˌekspləˈreɪʃən/thăm dòExploration involves risky and expensive surveys.
production/prəˈdʌkʃən/sản xuấtOil production has increased thanks to new technology.
emission/ɪˈmɪʃən/phát thảiStrict rules control carbon emissions from oil.

Thống kê từ vựng mới: Bài tập giới thiệu 28 từ vựng mới chuyên ngành Petroleum Industry (đã liệt kê đầy đủ ở bảng trên). Những từ này rất quan trọng vì: (1) chúng là thuật ngữ cốt lõi xuất hiện thường xuyên trong báo cáo ngành, tin tức kinh tế và tài liệu chuyên môn (upstream/downstream, LNG, fracking, carbon capture, energy transition…); (2) giúp học viên B1-B2 đọc hiểu bài báo, tham gia thảo luận về chuyển đổi năng lượng và bền vững; (3) theo IEA Global Energy Review 2025, dầu mỏ chiếm dưới 30% tổng nhu cầu năng lượng toàn cầu lần đầu tiên trong lịch sử (sau khi từng đạt đỉnh 46%), nhưng ngành vẫn đang chuyển đổi mạnh mẽ – nắm vững từ vựng này sẽ hỗ trợ giao tiếp chuyên nghiệp và học thuật trong lĩnh vực năng lượng toàn cầu.

Bài tập 2

BÀI TẬP NGỮ PHÁP & TỪ VỰNG: ERROR CORRECTION
Chủ đề: Petroleum Industry
Level: B1-B2
Số câu: 50

Hướng dẫn: Mỗi câu dưới đây có đúng một lỗi ngữ pháp hoặc từ vựng. Hãy tìm lỗi và sửa cho đúng.

No.Sentence
1Upstream activities in the petroleum industry includes exploration and production.
2Oil companies has been investing heavily in offshore drilling platforms.
3The downstream sector are responsible for refining and marketing petroleum products.
4Seismic surveys is conducted to locate underground oil reserves.
5A reservoir is a underground rock formation containing hydrocarbons.
6If the well pressure rises too high, a blowout can occurs.
7Fracking involve pumping high-pressure fluid into shale rock.
8Oil prices fluctuates due to changes in global supply and demand.
9The OPEC countries decides on production quotas each month.
10Petrochemicals are derived from petroleum and used to manufacturing plastics.
11The petroleum industry are transitioning to more sustainable practices.
12Greenhouse gas emissions from oil operations contributes to climate change.
13Onshore drilling are usually cheaper than offshore drilling.
14The carbon footprint of the petroleum industry are very large.
15Refinery capacity have increased significantly in recent years.
16Subsea pipelines are laying on the ocean floor.
17Hydraulic fracturing have revolutionized the oil industry in the US.
18The environmental impact of an oil spill can be devastated.
19Exploration wells is drilled to test for oil presence.
20Midstream involve transportation and storage of crude oil.
21The price of crude oil have risen dramatically.
22Sustainability are becoming a key priority for oil companies.
23Workers on drilling platforms must wear protective equipments.
24The blowout preventer are a critical safety device.
25Renewable energy sources is gradually replacing fossil fuels.
26The transition from fossil fuels to renewables are challenging.
27OPEC is a cartel that control oil prices.
28Quotas on production helps stabilize the market.
29Petrochemical products includes fertilizers and synthetic fibers.
30The reservoir pressure must be maintain for efficient extraction.
31Offshore rigs operates in harsh sea conditions.
32Seismic datas is analyzed to determine drilling locations.
33A blowout can leads to environmental disasters.
34Fracking has been controversially in many countries.
35The industry face strict environmental regulations.
36Crude oil are transported via tankers or pipelines.
37Downstream companies refines crude into fuels.
38Upstream companies focuses on finding and extracting oil.
39The global demand for petroleum products continue to grow.
40Sustainability reports is published annually by major companies.
41Greenhouse emissions must be reduced to meet Paris Agreement.
42Onshore facilities is easier to access than offshore.
43The fluctuation in oil prices affect the economy.
44Hydraulic fracturing use high-pressure water to crack rock.
45The subsea equipment are very expensive.
46Reservoir engineers calculates the amount of recoverable oil.
47The cartel members agrees on production levels.
48The petrochemical industry are closely linked to petroleum.
49Transitioning to low-carbon energy require huge investments.
50Environmental regulations has become stricter worldwide.

ANSWER KEY

No.Key AnswerDetailed Explanation (Vietnamese)New Vocabulary
1Upstream activities in the petroleum industry include exploration and production.Lỗi: “includes” → “include”. Chủ ngữ “activities” là số nhiều nên động từ phải chia số nhiều theo quy tắc subject-verb agreement.upstream
2Oil companies have been investing heavily in offshore drilling platforms.Lỗi: “has” → “have”. Chủ ngữ “companies” là số nhiều nên động từ chia số nhiều (present perfect continuous).offshore
3The downstream sector is responsible for refining and marketing petroleum products.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “sector” là số ít nên động từ chia số ít.downstream
4Seismic surveys are conducted to locate underground oil reserves.Lỗi: “is” → “are”. Chủ ngữ “surveys” là số nhiều nên động từ chia số nhiều.seismic
5A reservoir is an underground rock formation containing hydrocarbons.Lỗi: “a” → “an”. “Underground” bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm /ʌ/ nên dùng “an”.reservoir
6If the well pressure rises too high, a blowout can occur.Lỗi: “occurs” → “occur”. Sau động từ khuyết thiếu “can” phải dùng động từ nguyên thể.blowout
7Fracking involves pumping high-pressure fluid into shale rock.Lỗi: “involve” → “involves”. Chủ ngữ “Fracking” là danh từ số ít không đếm được.fracking
8Oil prices fluctuate due to changes in global supply and demand.Lỗi: “fluctuates” → “fluctuate”. Chủ ngữ “prices” là số nhiều nên động từ nguyên thể.fluctuation
9The OPEC countries decide on production quotas each month.Lỗi: “decides” → “decide”. Chủ ngữ “countries” là số nhiều.cartel
10Petrochemicals are derived from petroleum and used to manufacture plastics.Lỗi: “manufacturing” → “manufacture”. Sau “used to” cần động từ nguyên thể (không phải danh động từ).petrochemical
11The petroleum industry is transitioning to more sustainable practices.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “industry” là số ít.sustainable
12Greenhouse gas emissions from oil operations contribute to climate change.Lỗi: “contributes” → “contribute”. Chủ ngữ “emissions” là số nhiều.emission
13Onshore drilling is usually cheaper than offshore drilling.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “drilling” là danh từ không đếm được (số ít).onshore
14The carbon footprint of the petroleum industry is very large.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “footprint” là số ít.carbon footprint
15Refinery capacity has increased significantly in recent years.Lỗi: “have” → “has”. Chủ ngữ “capacity” là số ít.refinery capacity
16Subsea pipelines are laid on the ocean floor.Lỗi: “are laying” → “are laid”. Cấu trúc bị động cần dạng quá khứ phân từ “laid”.subsea
17Hydraulic fracturing has revolutionized the oil industry in the US.Lỗi: “have” → “has”. Chủ ngữ “Hydraulic fracturing” là số ít.hydraulic fracturing
18The environmental impact of an oil spill can be devastating.Lỗi: “devastated” → “devastating”. Cần tính từ mô tả trạng thái sau “can be”.oil spill
19Exploration wells are drilled to test for oil presence.Lỗi: “is” → “are”. Chủ ngữ “wells” là số nhiều.exploration
20Midstream involves transportation and storage of crude oil.Lỗi: “involve” → “involves”. Chủ ngữ “Midstream” là số ít.midstream
21The price of crude oil has risen dramatically.Lỗi: “have” → “has”. Chủ ngữ “price” là số ít (present perfect).crude oil
22Sustainability is becoming a key priority for oil companies.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “Sustainability” là số ít.sustainability
23Workers on drilling platforms must wear protective equipment.Lỗi: “equipments” → “equipment”. “Equipment” là danh từ không đếm được, không có dạng số nhiều.equipment
24The blowout preventer is a critical safety device.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “preventer” là số ít.blowout
25Renewable energy sources are gradually replacing fossil fuels.Lỗi: “is” → “are”. Chủ ngữ “sources” là số nhiều.renewable
26The transition from fossil fuels to renewables is challenging.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “transition” là số ít.transition
27OPEC is a cartel that controls oil prices.Lỗi: “control” → “controls”. Mệnh đề quan hệ chủ ngữ “that” chỉ “cartel” (số ít).cartel
28Quotas on production help stabilize the market.Lỗi: “helps” → “help”. Chủ ngữ “Quotas” là số nhiều.quota
29Petrochemical products include fertilizers and synthetic fibers.Lỗi: “includes” → “include”. Chủ ngữ “products” là số nhiều.petrochemical
30The reservoir pressure must be maintained for efficient extraction.Lỗi: “maintain” → “maintained”. Cấu trúc bị động sau “must be” cần quá khứ phân từ.reservoir
31Offshore rigs operate in harsh sea conditions.Lỗi: “operates” → “operate”. Chủ ngữ “rigs” là số nhiều.offshore
32Seismic data is analyzed to determine drilling locations.Lỗi: “datas” → “data”. “Data” là danh từ không đếm được (không có “datas”).seismic
33A blowout can lead to environmental disasters.Lỗi: “leads” → “lead”. Sau “can” phải dùng động từ nguyên thể.blowout
34Fracking has been controversial in many countries.Lỗi: “controversially” → “controversial”. Cần tính từ sau “has been”.fracking
35The industry faces strict environmental regulations.Lỗi: “face” → “faces”. Chủ ngữ “industry” là số ít.environmental
36Crude oil is transported via tankers or pipelines.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. “Crude oil” là danh từ không đếm được.crude oil
37Downstream companies refine crude into fuels.Lỗi: “refines” → “refine”. Chủ ngữ “companies” là số nhiều.downstream
38Upstream companies focus on finding and extracting oil.Lỗi: “focuses” → “focus”. Chủ ngữ “companies” là số nhiều.upstream
39The global demand for petroleum products continues to grow.Lỗi: “continue” → “continues”. Chủ ngữ “demand” là số ít.demand
40Sustainability reports are published annually by major companies.Lỗi: “is” → “are”. Chủ ngữ “reports” là số nhiều.sustainability
41Greenhouse emissions must be reduced to meet the Paris Agreement.Lỗi: “Paris Agreement” → “the Paris Agreement”. Tên riêng “Paris Agreement” cần mạo từ “the”.emission
42Onshore facilities are easier to access than offshore.Lỗi: “is” → “are”. Chủ ngữ “facilities” là số nhiều.onshore
43The fluctuation in oil prices affects the economy.Lỗi: “affect” → “affects”. Chủ ngữ “fluctuation” là số ít.fluctuation
44Hydraulic fracturing uses high-pressure water to crack rock.Lỗi: “use” → “uses”. Chủ ngữ “Hydraulic fracturing” là số ít.hydraulic fracturing
45The subsea equipment is very expensive.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. “Equipment” là danh từ không đếm được (số ít).subsea
46Reservoir engineers calculate the amount of recoverable oil.Lỗi: “calculates” → “calculate”. Chủ ngữ “engineers” là số nhiều.reservoir
47The cartel members agree on production levels.Lỗi: “agrees” → “agree”. Chủ ngữ “members” là số nhiều.cartel
48The petrochemical industry is closely linked to petroleum.Lỗi: “are” → “is”. Chủ ngữ “industry” là số ít.petrochemical
49Transitioning to low-carbon energy requires huge investments.Lỗi: “require” → “requires”. Chủ ngữ “Transitioning” (danh động từ) là số ít.low-carbon
50Environmental regulations have become stricter worldwide.Lỗi: “has” → “have”. Chủ ngữ “regulations” là số nhiều.environmental

Thống kê từ vựng mới
Bài tập giới thiệu 25 từ vựng mới chuyên ngành dầu khí (cấp độ B1-B2).
Tổng số từ mới: 25.
Các từ này rất quan trọng vì:

  • Giúp học viên B1-B2 đọc hiểu báo cáo ngành dầu khí, tham gia thảo luận về chuyển đổi năng lượng, bền vững và tác động môi trường.
  • Tăng khả năng sử dụng collocations chuyên sâu (ví dụ: upstream activities, carbon footprint, hydraulic fracturing, subsea pipelines) và hiểu ngữ cảnh thực tế trong ngành công nghiệp dầu mỏ toàn cầu.
    Danh sách chi tiết (nghĩa, cách dùng, lý do quan trọng) được trình bày đầy đủ trong bảng từ vựng dưới đây.

VOCABULARY LIST

WordIPAMeaningExample
upstream/ˈʌpstriːm/thượng nguồn (khai thác & thăm dò)Upstream activities include exploration and production.
downstream/ˈdaʊnstriːm/hạ nguồn (lọc dầu & phân phối)The downstream sector refines crude oil into fuels.
offshore/ˌɒfˈʃɔː(r)/ngoài khơiOffshore drilling platforms are very expensive.
onshore/ˌɒnˈʃɔː(r)/trên bờOnshore drilling is usually cheaper than offshore.
seismic/ˈsaɪzmɪk/địa chấnSeismic surveys help locate underground reserves.
reservoir/ˈrezəvwɑː(r)/tầng chứa dầuA reservoir contains hydrocarbons.
blowout/ˈbləʊaʊt/phun trào giếng dầuA blowout can lead to environmental disasters.
fracking/ˈfrækɪŋ/nứt vỡ thủy lựcFracking involves high-pressure fluid.
petrochemical/ˌpetrəʊˈkemɪkl/hóa dầuPetrochemicals are used to manufacture plastics.
sustainable/səˈsteɪnəbl/bền vữngSustainable practices are becoming more important.
emission/ɪˈmɪʃən/khí thảiEmissions contribute to climate change.
carbon footprint/ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/dấu chân carbonThe carbon footprint of the industry is large.
refinery capacity/rɪˈfaɪnəri kəˈpæsəti/công suất nhà máy lọc dầuRefinery capacity has increased in Asia.
subsea/ˈsʌbsiː/dưới đáy biểnSubsea pipelines are laid on the ocean floor.
hydraulic fracturing/haɪˈdrɒlɪk ˈfræktʃərɪŋ/nứt vỡ thủy lựcHydraulic fracturing has revolutionized extraction.
midstream/ˈmɪdstriːm/trung nguồnMidstream involves transportation and storage.
cartel/kɑːˈtel/cartel (liên minh kiểm soát)OPEC is a cartel that controls oil prices.
quota/ˈkwəʊtə/hạn ngạch sản xuấtQuotas help stabilize the global market.
fluctuation/ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃən/biến độngThe fluctuation in oil prices affects the economy.
sustainability/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/tính bền vữngSustainability is a key priority for companies.
renewable/rɪˈnjuːəbl/tái tạo (năng lượng)Renewable energy sources are replacing fossil fuels.
transition/trænˈzɪʃən/chuyển đổiThe transition to low-carbon energy is challenging.
low-carbon/ˌləʊ ˈkɑːbən/ít carbonTransitioning to low-carbon energy requires huge investments.
hydrocarbons/ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑːbənz/hydrocarbonReservoirs contain hydrocarbons.
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