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Từ vựng ngành Tài chính doanh nghiệp

Bài viết đã sử dụng thuật ngữ trên

1. Corporate finance: Corporate finance involves managing a company’s capital structure and funding strategies.
2. Capital structure: The capital structure of the company consists of both debt and equity financing.
3. Debt financing: The company opted for debt financing to expand its operations without diluting equity.
4. Equity financing: Equity financing was used to raise capital by issuing new shares to investors.
5. Capital budgeting: Capital budgeting decisions are crucial for long-term investment planning.
6. Cost of capital: The cost of capital is a key factor in evaluating new projects.
7. Leverage: The company increased its leverage by taking on more debt to finance its expansion.
8. Dividend policy: The board of directors reviewed the company’s dividend policy to determine the payout ratio.
9. Working capital: Effective working capital management ensures the company can meet its short-term obligations.
10. Financial leverage: High financial leverage can increase both the potential returns and risks for the company.
11. Return on investment (ROI): The return on investment for the new project exceeded expectations.
12. Internal rate of return (IRR): The internal rate of return was calculated to assess the profitability of the investment.
13. Net present value (NPV): A positive net present value indicates that the project is expected to generate profit.
14. Cash flow: Maintaining a steady cash flow is essential for the company’s financial health.
15. Free cash flow: Free cash flow is used to measure the company’s ability to generate cash after accounting for capital expenditures.
16. Financial risk: Diversification is one strategy to reduce financial risk in an investment portfolio.
17. Credit risk: The bank assesses the credit risk of borrowers before approving loans.
18. Liquidity risk: Liquidity risk arises when a company is unable to meet its short-term debt obligations.
19. Market risk: Market risk affects the value of investments due to changes in market conditions.
20. Interest rate risk: Interest rate risk is a concern for companies with variable-rate debt.
21. Foreign exchange risk: The company hedged against foreign exchange risk to protect its earnings from currency fluctuations.
22. Hedging: Hedging strategies can help mitigate the impact of price volatility in the market.
23. Capital markets: Capital markets provide a platform for companies to raise funds through the issuance of stocks and bonds.
24. Stock market: The company’s stock price rose sharply after its earnings report beat expectations.
25. Bond market: The bond market is a key source of financing for governments and corporations.
26. Initial public offering (IPO): The company’s initial public offering attracted significant investor interest.
27. Merger and acquisition (M&A): The merger and acquisition deal was designed to create synergies and expand market share.
28. Private equity: Private equity firms invest in companies with the potential for high returns.
29. Venture capital: The startup secured venture capital funding to accelerate its growth.
30. Asset management: Asset management involves managing investments on behalf of individuals and institutions.
31. Investment banking: Investment banking services include advising on mergers, acquisitions, and capital raising.
32. Securities: The company issued securities to raise funds for its new project.
33. Derivatives: Derivatives are financial instruments used to hedge risks or speculate on price movements.
34. Options: Options give investors the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specified price.
35. Futures: Futures contracts are used to lock in prices for commodities or financial instruments.
36. Financial instruments: Financial instruments include stocks, bonds, and derivatives.
37. Portfolio management: Portfolio management is the process of selecting and overseeing a group of investments.
38. Diversification: Diversification helps reduce risk by spreading investments across different assets.
39. Capital gains: Capital gains are profits realized from the sale of investments like stocks or real estate.
40. Dividend yield: The dividend yield measures the income generated by a stock relative to its price.
41. Earnings per share (EPS): Earnings per share is a key indicator of a company’s profitability.
42. Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E): The price-to-earnings ratio helps investors determine if a stock is overvalued or undervalued.
43. Return on equity (ROE): Return on equity measures a company’s profitability relative to shareholders’ equity.
44. Debt-to-equity ratio: The debt-to-equity ratio indicates the proportion of debt financing relative to equity.
45. Market capitalization: Market capitalization represents the total market value of a company’s outstanding shares.
46. Shareholder value: Increasing shareholder value is a primary goal for many corporations.
47. Corporate governance: Corporate governance ensures that a company’s management acts in the best interest of its shareholders.
48. Financial statement analysis: Financial statement analysis helps investors assess a company’s financial health.
49. Balance sheet: The balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.
50. Income statement: The income statement shows the company’s revenues and expenses over a period, resulting in net income.
51. Statement of cash flows: The statement of cash flows tracks the company’s cash inflows and outflows from operations, investing, and financing activities.
52. Profit margin: The profit margin indicates how much profit the company makes for every dollar of sales.
53. Operating margin: The operating margin measures the company’s profitability from its core operations.
54. Gross margin: The gross margin represents the difference between sales revenue and the cost of goods sold.
55. Net income: Net income is the amount of profit remaining after all expenses are deducted from revenues.
56. Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT): EBIT is a measure of a company’s profitability before accounting for interest and taxes.
57. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA): EBITDA is a key metric for assessing a company’s operating performance.
58. Depreciation: Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.
59. Amortization: Amortization is the gradual write-off of the cost of an intangible asset over its useful life.
60. Tax shield: A tax shield is a reduction in taxable income resulting from allowable deductions such as interest on debt.
61. Capital expenditure (CapEx): Capital expenditure is the spending on physical assets like buildings and equipment.
62. Operating expenditure (OpEx): Operating expenditure includes the ongoing costs of running a business, such as rent and utilities.
63. Revenue: Revenue is the total amount of money generated by the sale of goods or services.
64. Top-line growth: Top-line growth refers to an increase in a company’s revenue.
65. Bottom line: The bottom line refers to a company’s net income or profit.
66. Cost of goods sold (COGS): The cost of goods sold represents the direct costs attributable to the production of goods sold by a company.
67. Operating income: Operating income is the profit earned from the company’s core business operations.
68. Net profit margin: The net profit margin is a measure of how much profit a company retains from its total revenue after all expenses.
69. Retained earnings: Retained earnings are the portion of net income that is kept in the company rather than paid out as dividends.
70. Share repurchase: A share repurchase is when a company buys back its own shares from the market to reduce the number of outstanding shares.
71. Stock buyback: A stock buyback can increase the value of remaining shares by reducing the supply.
72. Debt restructuring: Debt restructuring involves renegotiating the terms of debt agreements to improve a company’s financial position.
73. Interest coverage ratio: The interest coverage ratio measures a company’s ability to pay interest on its outstanding debt.
74. Asset turnover ratio: The asset turnover ratio indicates how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales.
75. Liquidity ratios: Liquidity ratios measure a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations.
76. Current ratio: The current ratio compares a company’s current assets to its current liabilities to assess liquidity.
77. Quick ratio: The quick ratio measures a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations without relying on inventory sales.
78. Solvency ratio: The solvency ratio measures a company’s ability to meet its long-term obligations.
79. Debt ratio: The debt ratio indicates the proportion of a company’s assets that are financed by debt.
80. Financial planning: Financial planning is crucial for setting long-term goals and ensuring the company’s financial stability.
81. Budgeting: Budgeting helps allocate resources efficiently and manage expenses.
82. Forecasting: Forecasting involves predicting future financial performance based on historical data and market trends.
83. Scenario analysis: Scenario analysis explores different potential outcomes to prepare for future uncertainties.
84. Sensitivity analysis: Sensitivity analysis examines how changes in key variables affect a financial model’s outcomes.
85. Financial modeling: Financial modeling is used to create representations of a company’s financial performance.
86. Discounted cash flow (DCF): Discounted cash flow

Bài tập

1. The company’s __________ department is responsible for managing its financial resources and capital structure.
2. A balanced __________ is essential for a company to manage both debt and equity effectively.
3. The firm opted for __________ to raise funds without issuing more equity.
4. __________ allows companies to raise capital by selling shares to investors.
5. The __________ process involves evaluating and selecting long-term investments.
6. Understanding the __________ is crucial for making informed investment decisions.
7. High __________ can increase both potential returns and risks for the company.
8. The board decided to review the __________ to determine the appropriate dividend payout.
9. Effective __________ management ensures that the company can meet its short-term financial obligations.
10. High __________ can magnify both profits and losses.
11. The __________ for the new project exceeded the company’s expectations.
12. The __________ was calculated to assess the profitability of the proposed investment.
13. A positive __________ indicates that a project is likely to be profitable.
14. Maintaining a steady __________ is vital for the company’s ongoing operations.
15. __________ is a key metric for assessing the company’s ability to generate cash after capital expenditures.
16. Diversification is one way to reduce __________ in an investment portfolio.
17. Banks assess __________ before granting loans to ensure borrowers can repay.
18. __________ arises when a company struggles to meet its short-term liabilities.
19. __________ can lead to significant losses if market conditions change rapidly.
20. __________ is a concern for companies with variable-rate debt.
21. The company hedged against __________ to protect its earnings from currency fluctuations.
22. __________ strategies help mitigate the impact of price volatility in the market.
23. __________ provide a platform for companies to raise long-term funds.
24. The __________ reacted positively to the company’s earnings report, boosting its stock price.
25. Companies often raise funds by issuing bonds in the __________.
26. The company’s __________ was highly anticipated by investors.
27. The __________ deal created synergies and expanded the company’s market presence.
28. __________ firms invest in companies with the potential for high returns.
29. Startups often rely on __________ funding to grow and expand their operations.
30. __________ involves managing investments on behalf of clients.
31. __________ services include advising companies on mergers, acquisitions, and capital raising.
32. The company issued __________ to raise funds for its expansion project.
33. __________ are used to hedge against risks or speculate on price movements.
34. __________ give investors the right to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price.
35. __________ contracts are used to lock in prices for commodities or financial instruments.
36. Stocks, bonds, and derivatives are all examples of __________.
37. Effective __________ requires careful selection and management of investment assets.
38. __________ helps reduce risk by spreading investments across different asset classes.
39. __________ are profits earned from the sale of an investment.
40. The __________ on this stock is attractive to income-seeking investors.
41. __________ is a key indicator of a company’s profitability on a per-share basis.
42. The __________ helps investors determine if a stock is overvalued or undervalued.
43. __________ measures a company’s profitability relative to shareholders’ equity.
44. The __________ indicates the proportion of debt financing relative to equity.
45. __________ represents the total market value of a company’s outstanding shares.
46. Increasing __________ is often a primary goal for corporate management.
47. Strong __________ practices ensure that a company is managed in the best interest of its shareholders.
48. __________ helps investors assess the overall financial health of a company.
49. The __________ provides a snapshot of a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.
50. The __________ details a company’s revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period.
51. The __________ tracks the cash generated and used by a company during a specific period.
52. A company’s __________ indicates how much profit it makes for every dollar of sales.
53. __________ measures profitability from core business operations before interest and taxes.
54. The __________ is the difference between sales revenue and the cost of goods sold.
55. __________ is the bottom line of a company’s income statement after all expenses are deducted.
56. __________ is a measure of profitability that excludes interest and taxes.
57. __________ is a broader measure of profitability that also excludes depreciation and amortization.
58. __________ is the allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.
59. __________ involves the gradual write-off of an intangible asset.
60. A __________ is a reduction in taxable income resulting from deductible expenses.
61. The company made significant __________ to upgrade its production facilities.
62. __________ include costs like rent and utilities that are necessary to run a business.
63. __________ is the total amount of money a company generates from sales of goods or services.
64. __________ growth is a positive indicator of a company’s increasing revenue.
65. The __________ refers to the company’s net income after all expenses have been deducted.
66. __________ represents the direct costs attributable to the production of goods sold by a company.
67. __________ is the profit earned from the company’s core business operations.
68. The __________ is a measure of how much profit a company retains from its total revenue.
69. __________ are profits that a company keeps rather than distributing as dividends.
70. A __________ is when a company buys back its own shares from the marketplace.
71. A __________ can increase the value of remaining shares by reducing the number of shares available.
72. __________ involves renegotiating the terms of a company’s debt to improve its financial position.
73. The __________ measures a company’s ability to pay interest on its outstanding debt.
74. The __________ indicates how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales.
75. __________ are used to evaluate a company’s ability to meet its short-term financial obligations.
76. The __________ compares current assets to current liabilities to assess liquidity.
77. The __________ measures the company’s ability to meet short-term obligations without selling inventory.
78. The __________ measures a company’s ability to meet its long-term financial commitments.
79. The __________ indicates the proportion of a company’s assets financed by debt.
80. Effective __________ is crucial for ensuring long-term financial stability.
81. __________ helps companies plan their financial activities and allocate resources.
82. __________ involves predicting future financial performance based on historical data.
83. __________ explores potential outcomes to help a company prepare for uncertainties.
84. __________ examines how changes in key variables affect financial outcomes.
85. __________ is the process of creating financial models to represent a company’s performance.
86. __________ analysis is used to estimate the value of an investment based on future cash flows.
87. __________ is used to evaluate the returns of an investment considering its associated risks.
88. A high __________ indicates a company’s strong ability to repay its debt.
89. A low __________ may suggest that the company’s bonds are riskier and thus yield higher interest rates.
90. A __________ is a financial derivative that allows the transfer of credit risk.
91. The __________ reflects the relationship between interest rates of bonds with different maturities.
92. An __________ is a contract in which two parties exchange interest rate payments.
93. __________ refers to the risk of a government defaulting on its debt obligations.
94. __________ are issued by companies to raise long-term financing.
95. A __________ is considered a safe investment as it is backed by the government.
96. __________ are issued by local governments to fund public projects.
97. __________ bonds offer higher returns but come with greater risk.
98. The __________ compares a company’s total debt to its equity capital.
99. __________ measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate profits.
100. The __________ is a weighted average of the cost of debt and the cost of equity.

Đáp án

1. Corporate finance
2. Capital structure
3. Debt financing
4. Equity financing
5. Capital budgeting
6. Cost of capital
7. Leverage
8. Dividend policy
9. Working capital
10. Financial leverage
11. Return on investment (ROI)
12. Internal rate of return (IRR)
13. Net present value (NPV)
14. Cash flow
15. Free cash flow
16. Financial risk
17. Credit risk
18. Liquidity risk
19. Market risk
20. Interest rate risk
21. Foreign exchange risk
22. Hedging
23. Capital markets
24. Stock market
25. Bond market
26. Initial public offering (IPO)
27. Merger and acquisition (M&A)
28. Private equity
29. Venture capital
30. Asset management
31. Investment banking
32. Securities
33. Derivatives
34. Options
35. Futures
36. Financial instruments
37. Portfolio management
38. Diversification
39. Capital gains
40. Dividend yield
41. Earnings per share (EPS)
42. Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E)
43. Return on equity (ROE)
44. Debt-to-equity ratio
45. Market capitalization
46. Shareholder value
47. Corporate governance
48. Financial statement analysis
49. Balance sheet
50. Income statement
51. Statement of cash flows
52. Profit margin
53. Operating margin
54. Gross margin
55. Net income
56. Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)
57. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA)
58. Depreciation
59. Amortization
60. Tax shield
61. Capital expenditure (CapEx)
62. Operating expenditure (OpEx)
63. Revenue
64. Top-line growth
65. Bottom line
66. Cost of goods sold (COGS)
67. Operating income
68. Net profit margin
69. Retained earnings
70. Share repurchase
71. Stock buyback
72. Debt restructuring
73. Interest coverage ratio
74. Asset turnover ratio
75. Liquidity ratios
76. Current ratio
77. Quick ratio
78. Solvency ratio
79. Debt ratio
80. Financial planning
81. Budgeting
82. Forecasting
83. Scenario analysis
84. Sensitivity analysis
85. Financial modeling
86. Discounted cash flow (DCF)
87. Risk-adjusted return
88. Credit rating
89. Yield spread
90. Credit default swap (CDS)
91. Yield curve
92. Interest rate swap
93. Sovereign risk
94. Corporate bonds
95. Government bonds
96. Municipal bonds
97. Junk bonds
98. Debt-to-equity ratio
99. Return on assets (ROA)
100. Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)