Động từ nguyên mẫu nâng cao gồm hai dạng chính: động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” và động từ nguyên mẫu không “to”. Dưới đây là các ví dụ và cách sử dụng cho từng loại.

1. Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” (To-infinitive)

Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” thường được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:

• Làm chủ ngữ của câu:
  • To learn a new language is challenging.
  • To swim in the ocean requires skill.
• Làm tân ngữ sau một số động từ:
  • She wants to travel around the world.
  • They decided to stay at home.
• Dùng sau tính từ:
  • I’m happy to see you.
  • It’s important to be on time.
• Dùng để chỉ mục đích:
  • He went to the store to buy some groceries.
  • She studied hard to pass the exam.
• Sau các từ hỏi (what, how, where, when, etc.):
  • I don’t know what to say.
  • She didn’t know how to respond.
• Dùng trong cấu trúc “too…to” và “enough…to”:
  • She is too young to drive.
  • He is strong enough to lift that weight.

2. Động từ nguyên mẫu không “to” (Bare infinitive)

Động từ nguyên mẫu không “to” thường được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:

• Sau các động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verbs):
  • You must go now.
  • She can speak three languages.
• Sau các động từ cảm giác (see, hear, feel, watch, etc.) trong dạng chủ động:
  • I saw him leave the room.
  • We heard them sing a beautiful song.
• Sau động từ chỉ sự giúp đỡ như “let”, “make”, “help”:
  • Let him go.
  • She made me apologize.
  • They helped her carry the boxes. (Có thể dùng “to” trong một số trường hợp: “They helped her to carry the boxes.”)
• Trong cấu trúc “had better” và “would rather”:
  • You had better study for the exam.
  • I would rather stay home tonight.
• Trong mệnh lệnh:
  • Sit down.
  • Open the door.

Hiểu rõ cách sử dụng của động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” và không “to” sẽ giúp bạn sử dụng tiếng Anh chính xác và linh hoạt hơn trong nhiều tình huống giao tiếp.

Bài tập về động từ nguyên mẫu trong tiếng Anh

1. I’m looking forward to ___ you again.
2. She decided ___ at home instead of going out.
3. Would you like ___ a cup of coffee?
4. It’s important ___ enough water every day.
5. They want ___ a new car next year.
6. I’m happy ___ that you got the job.
7. He refused ___ the project.
8. We plan ___ to the beach this weekend.
9. She hopes ___ a famous singer one day.
10. He offered ___ me with my homework.
11. I’d rather ___ at home tonight.
12. She made me ___ the truth.
13. We need ___ hard to achieve our goals.
14. I saw him ___ the building.
15. I don’t know what ___ in this situation.
16. You must ___ this form before entering.
17. They helped us ___ the furniture.
18. He asked her ___ the door.
19. She forgot ___ the lights before leaving.
20. He managed ___ the deadline.
21. I want you ___ your best.
22. She suggested ___ to the park for a walk.
23. I’d like ___ a reservation for dinner.
24. He avoided ___ about his problems.
25. They persuaded him ___ the company.
26. I need ___ to the store to buy some groceries.
27. She is too young ___ that movie.
28. He is strong enough ___ that heavy box.
29. We were surprised ___ the news.
30. I can’t wait ___ the results.
31. She warned me ___ late.
32. They invited us ___ their wedding.
33. He agreed ___ the contract.
34. I heard her ___ in the room.
35. They decided ___ their own business.
36. You should ___ more carefully.
37. He’s interested in ___ how to cook.
38. She enjoys ___ new places.
39. They let us ___ early from the meeting.
40. I’m not used to ___ up so early.
41. She asked him ___ her with the project.
42. I would rather ___ home tonight.
43. They want us ___ by 7 p.m.
44. She refused ___ the invitation.
45. He pretended ___ asleep.
46. I need you ___ this by tomorrow.
47. She reminded me ___ the appointment.
48. They encouraged him ___ the challenge.
49. I’ll never forget ___ that amazing concert.
50. He promised ___ more careful next time.
51. She didn’t let me ___ the room.
52. We hope ___ you soon.
53. They expected him ___ the truth.
54. She suggested ___ a movie tonight.
55. He avoided ___ the issue.
56. They helped us ___ the heavy boxes.
57. I’m afraid ___ the truth.
58. She managed ___ the work on time.
59. He’s too tired ___ out tonight.
60. They decided ___ a new strategy.
61. She forgot ___ the oven off.
62. He’s good at ___ problems.
63. We’re planning ___ a vacation next month.
64. I need to ___ more exercise.
65. They made him ___ the rules.
66. She advised me ___ a lawyer.
67. I’m excited ___ on the project.
68. He agreed ___ the terms.
69. They allowed us ___ the equipment.
70. She is keen on ___ new recipes.
71. I’m thinking of ___ my job.
72. He managed ___ the problem quickly.
73. They prevented her ___ the event.
74. She asked me ___ the book.
75. I want ___ fluent in English.
76. He kept ___ until he found the answer.
77. They suggested ___ a taxi.
78. She encouraged me ___ harder.
79. We were told ___ the instructions.
80. He avoided ___ by taking a different route.
81. She’s interested in ___ photography.
82. I heard them ___ in the hallway.
83. He refused ___ on the project.
84. They expect us ___ by 10 a.m.
85. She was seen ___ the building.
86. I’m planning ___ my vacation next week.
87. He helped me ___ my bike.
88. She’s learning ___ the piano.
89. They allowed him ___ early.
90. I’m not used to ___ in public.
91. She pretended ___ the question.
92. He promised ___ her a gift.
93. We need ___ a decision soon.
94. She avoided ___ late for the meeting.
95. He’s too busy ___ you today.
96. They’re hoping ___ the problem soon.
97. I can’t imagine ___ without music.
98. She enjoys ___ new people.
99. He refused ___ the instructions.
100. They expected us ___ the deadline.

Đáp án

1. seeing
2. to stay
3. to have
4. to drink
5. to buy
6. to hear
7. to accept
8. to go
9. to become
10. to help
11. stay
12. tell
13. to work
14. leave
15. to do
16. complete
17. move
18. to close
19. to turn off
20. to meet
21. to do
22. going
23. to make
24. talking
25. to join
26. to go
27. to watch
28. to lift
29. to hear
30. to see
31. not to be
32. to attend
33. to sign
34. singing
35. to start
36. drive
37. learning
38. visiting
39. leave
40. waking
41. to help
42. stay
43. to arrive
44. to accept
45. to be
46. to finish
47. to attend
48. to take on
49. attending
50. to be
51. enter
52. to see
53. to tell
54. watching
55. discussing
56. carry
57. to tell
58. to finish
59. to go
60. to implement
61. to turn off
62. solving
63. to take
64. do
65. follow
66. to consult
67. to work
68. to the terms
69. to use
70. trying
71. quitting
72. to solve
73. from attending
74. to return
75. to be
76. searching
77. taking
78. to work
79. to follow
80. being caught
81. learning
82. arguing
83. to work
84. to arrive
85. entering
86. to take
87. fix
88. to play
89. to leave
90. speaking
91. not to hear
92. to buy
93. to make
94. being late
95. to meet
96. to solve
97. living
98. meeting
99. to follow
100. to meet