Cụm từ động từ nguyên mẫu bị động trong tiếng Anh được sử dụng để diễn đạt một hành động mà chủ ngữ không thực hiện, mà bị thực hiện bởi một người hoặc vật khác. Các cụm từ phổ biến bao gồm “to be done” và “to have been done”.

1. To be done

• Cách sử dụng: Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra hoặc cần được thực hiện trong tương lai hoặc hiện tại.
• Ví dụ:
  • “This report needs to be done by tomorrow.” (Báo cáo này cần phải được hoàn thành trước ngày mai.)
  • “The house is to be painted next week.” (Ngôi nhà sẽ được sơn vào tuần tới.)

2. To have been done

• Cách sử dụng: Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ, trước một thời điểm khác cũng trong quá khứ hoặc trước hiện tại.
• Ví dụ:
  • “The work is reported to have been done last week.” (Công việc được báo cáo là đã hoàn thành vào tuần trước.)
  • “She seems to have been invited to the party.” (Có vẻ như cô ấy đã được mời đến buổi tiệc.)

Lưu ý:

• Các cụm từ này thường xuất hiện trong các câu bị động (passive voice) để nhấn mạnh hành động hoặc kết quả của hành động hơn là người thực hiện hành động.
• Trong các câu phức tạp, động từ nguyên mẫu bị động có thể kết hợp với các dạng khác của động từ để thể hiện các thời khác nhau (quá khứ, hiện tại, tương lai).

Ví dụ mở rộng:

• “The project is expected to be completed by the end of this month.” (Dự án dự kiến sẽ được hoàn thành vào cuối tháng này.)
• “The documents are believed to have been stolen.” (Người ta tin rằng các tài liệu đã bị đánh cắp.)

Những cụm từ này giúp câu văn trở nên tinh tế hơn và tập trung vào hành động hoặc kết quả thay vì chủ thể thực hiện hành động.

Bài tập về cụm động từ trong tiếng Anh

1. The report needs __________ by tomorrow.
2. The house is __________ next week.
3. The documents are expected __________ soon.
4. The meeting is scheduled __________ at 10 AM.
5. The homework must __________ before Friday.
6. The package is __________ by the delivery service.
7. The essay was supposed __________ yesterday.
8. The problem is likely __________ quickly.
9. The contract is __________ by the legal team.
10. The project needs __________ as soon as possible.
11. The letter is __________ to the wrong address.
12. The machine needs __________ immediately.
13. The patient is __________ surgery tomorrow.
14. The emails are __________ this afternoon.
15. The car is __________ by a mechanic.
16. The decision is __________ by the committee.
17. The dinner is __________ by the chef.
18. The room needs __________ before guests arrive.
19. The cake is __________ by the baker.
20. The documents are required __________ before the meeting.
21. The project is likely __________ within budget.
22. The problem is expected __________ soon.
23. The application is __________ by the HR department.
24. The problem needs __________ by the team.
25. The car is __________ by the insurance company.
26. The house is __________ on the market next week.
27. The book is __________ to the publisher.
28. The letter is __________ by hand.
29. The film is __________ by the director.
30. The job is __________ by the end of the day.
31. The proposal is __________ by the board.
32. The report is __________ by the end of the week.
33. The documents are __________ to the client.
34. The garden is __________ by a professional landscaper.
35. The decision is __________ by the end of the month.
36. The contract needs __________ carefully.
37. The task is __________ by the new employee.
38. The room is __________ by the cleaning staff.
39. The project is __________ by the deadline.
40. The emails are __________ before noon.
41. The house needs __________ before winter.
42. The car is __________ by the garage.
43. The product is __________ to customers soon.
44. The test is __________ by the students.
45. The meeting is __________ by the manager.
46. The problem is __________ by the IT department.
47. The package is __________ by the courier.
48. The project is __________ by the team leader.
49. The cake is __________ for the party.
50. The issue is __________ by the technician.
51. The report is __________ by the research team.
52. The documents are __________ by the deadline.
53. The event is __________ by the organizer.
54. The plan is __________ by the architect.
55. The movie is __________ by the critics.
56. The task is __________ by the new intern.
57. The article is __________ by the editor.
58. The problem is __________ by the engineer.
59. The house is __________ by the real estate agent.
60. The project is __________ within the budget.
61. The task is __________ before the deadline.
62. The car is __________ by the mechanic next week.
63. The homework needs __________ before class.
64. The room is __________ by the cleaning crew.
65. The meeting is __________ by the CEO.
66. The documents are __________ to the office.
67. The cake is __________ by the pastry chef.
68. The project is __________ by the end of the quarter.
69. The letter is __________ by the end of the week.
70. The decision is __________ by the board.
71. The contract is __________ by the legal team.
72. The report is __________ by the supervisor.
73. The garden needs __________ by the gardener.
74. The project is __________ by the new manager.
75. The product is __________ by the company.
76. The problem is __________ by the support team.
77. The application is __________ by the department.
78. The proposal is __________ by the client.
79. The task is __________ by the team.
80. The emails are __________ by the assistant.
81. The job is __________ by the end of the month.
82. The documents need __________ by the lawyer.
83. The car is __________ by the insurance adjuster.
84. The letter is __________ by the courier.
85. The project needs __________ before the deadline.
86. The problem is __________ by the IT support.
87. The package is __________ by the shipping department.
88. The meeting is __________ by the chairman.
89. The garden is __________ by the landscaper.
90. The report is __________ by the marketing team.
91. The task needs __________ by the employee.
92. The cake is __________ for the celebration.
93. The decision is __________ by the committee.
94. The contract needs __________ before signing.
95. The problem is __________ by the developer.
96. The job is __________ by the new hire.
97. The documents are __________ to the headquarters.
98. The project is __________ by the design team.
99. The letter is __________ by the secretary.
100. The task is __________ by the manager.

Đáp án

1. to be done
2. to be painted
3. to be delivered
4. to be held
5. to be completed
6. to have been delivered
7. to be submitted
8. to be solved
9. to be reviewed
10. to be finished
11. to be sent
12. to have been repaired
13. to be operated on
14. to be sent
15. to be repaired
16. to be made
17. to be prepared
18. to be cleaned
19. to have been baked
20. to be submitted
21. to be completed
22. to be solved
23. to be reviewed
24. to be fixed
25. to be covered
26. to be listed
27. to have been sent
28. to be delivered
29. to be directed
30. to be finished
31. to be approved
32. to be submitted
33. to be sent
34. to be landscaped
35. to be made
36. to be reviewed
37. to have been assigned
38. to be cleaned
39. to be completed
40. to be sent
41. to be insulated
42. to be repaired
43. to have been delivered
44. to be taken
45. to be held
46. to be fixed
47. to be delivered
48. to be led
49. to be baked
50. to have been fixed
51. to be submitted
52. to be submitted
53. to be organized
54. to be designed
55. to be reviewed
56. to have been completed
57. to be edited
58. to be fixed
59. to be listed
60. to be completed
61. to be done
62. to be repaired
63. to be completed
64. to be cleaned
65. to have been scheduled
66. to be sent
67. to be baked
68. to be finished
69. to be sent
70. to be made
71. to be reviewed
72. to be submitted
73. to have been done
74. to be completed
75. to be produced
76. to be fixed
77. to be reviewed
78. to be considered
79. to be completed
80. to be sent
81. to be done
82. to be reviewed
83. to be appraised
84. to have been delivered
85. to be completed
86. to be resolved
87. to be shipped
88. to be chaired
89. to be landscaped
90. to be reviewed
91. to be completed
92. to have been prepared
93. to be made
94. to have been reviewed
95. to be resolved
96. to be completed
97. to be sent
98. to be completed
99. to be delivered
100. to be completed