Câu phức hợp trong tiếng Anh là câu có ít nhất một mệnh đề chính và một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc không thể đứng độc lập và cần mệnh đề chính để có ý nghĩa hoàn chỉnh.

Cấu trúc cơ bản

1. Mệnh đề chính + Mệnh đề phụ thuộc (Thời gian, điều kiện, nguyên nhân, kết quả)
   • Ví dụ: “I will go to the park if it stops raining.”
     • Mệnh đề chính: “I will go to the park”
     • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc điều kiện: “if it stops raining”
2. Mệnh đề chính + Mệnh đề phụ thuộc + Mệnh đề phụ thuộc
   • Ví dụ: “She didn’t go to the party because she was feeling sickalthough she had already bought a dress.”
     • Mệnh đề chính: “She didn’t go to the party”
     • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nguyên nhân: “because she was feeling sick”
     • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nhượng bộ: “although she had already bought a dress”

Các loại mệnh đề phụ thuộc thường gặp

1. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ thời gian: Sử dụng từ nối như “when,” “while,” “after,” “before,” “as soon as.”
   • Ví dụ: “She called me after she arrived home.”
2. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc điều kiện: Sử dụng từ nối như “if,” “unless,” “provided that.”
   • Ví dụ: “We will start the meeting if everyone arrives on time.”
3. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nguyên nhân: Sử dụng từ nối như “because,” “since,” “as.”
   • Ví dụ: “He was late because he missed the bus.”
4. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc kết quả: Sử dụng từ nối như “so that,” “in order that.”
   • Ví dụ: “She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.”
5. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nhượng bộ: Sử dụng từ nối như “although,” “even though,” “despite the fact that.”
   • Ví dụ: “She went to the concert although she was feeling tired.”

Ví dụ kết hợp nhiều mệnh đề phụ thuộc

• Ví dụ 1: “I went to the store because we needed milkeven though I was feeling sickand I bought some bread as well.”
  • Mệnh đề chính: “I went to the store”
  • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nguyên nhân: “because we needed milk”
  • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nhượng bộ: “even though I was feeling sick”
  • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc bổ sung: “and I bought some bread as well”
• Ví dụ 2: “She decided to join the gym since she wanted to improve her fitnesseven though she knew it would be hard.”
  • Mệnh đề chính: “She decided to join the gym”
  • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nguyên nhân: “since she wanted to improve her fitness”
  • Mệnh đề phụ thuộc nhượng bộ: “even though she knew it would be hard”

Khi viết câu phức hợp, hãy chắc chắn rằng các mệnh đề phụ thuộc bổ sung ý nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính mà không làm câu trở nên quá dài hoặc khó hiểu.

Bài tập về câu phức trong tiếng Anh

1. I will call you ____ I arrive home.
2. She was late ____ she missed the bus.
3. ____ he was tired, he continued working.
4. He studied hard ____ he could pass the exam.
5. We went to the beach ____ it was sunny.
6. ____ you tell me the truth, I will believe you.
7. She didn’t go to the party ____ she was feeling sick.
8. I will buy the car ____ I save enough money.
9. He was happy ____ he finished the project on time.
10. ____ she practiced every day, she improved quickly.
11. The meeting was canceled ____ the manager was unavailable.
12. They will start the trip ____ it stops raining.
13. I felt better ____ I took the medicine.
14. ____ you hurry up, you will miss the train.
15. She went to bed early ____ she had an exam the next day.
16. He bought a new laptop ____ his old one broke down.
17. We can go out ____ you finish your homework.
18. ____ the movie was long, it was very interesting.
19. She didn’t come to the meeting ____ she was out of town.
20. I will go for a walk ____ it stops raining.
21. ____ she was nervous, she did well in the presentation.
22. They decided to stay home ____ the weather was bad.
23. He apologized ____ he forgot my birthday.
24. We can eat out ____ you want something different for dinner.
25. ____ the instructions were clear, he still made mistakes.
26. She wore a coat ____ it was cold outside.
27. ____ the traffic was heavy, we arrived on time.
28. I bought a new phone ____ my old one was too slow.
29. He didn’t get the job ____ he had all the qualifications.
30. ____ I have a busy schedule, I will make time for you.
31. She accepted the offer ____ she was not sure about it.
32. We will go to the park ____ the weather is nice.
33. ____ she studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam.
34. He took the day off ____ he was feeling unwell.
35. They arrived early ____ they wanted to get good seats.
36. I will help you ____ you ask me to.
37. ____ the book was interesting, I couldn’t finish it.
38. She bought a dress ____ the party was formal.
39. We missed the bus ____ we left the house late.
40. ____ I have finished my work, I will join you.
41. He is going to the gym ____ he wants to get fit.
42. ____ the team won, they celebrated all night.
43. She didn’t like the movie ____ it received great reviews.
44. I will join the club ____ it fits into my schedule.
45. ____ the food was delicious, I ate too much.
46. They decided to leave early ____ the event was not enjoyable.
47. He went to the store ____ he needed to buy groceries.
48. ____ she was tired, she continued working.
49. I will start cooking ____ you come home.
50. She went to the concert ____ she had a great time.
51. ____ he was nervous, he gave a great speech.
52. We will plan a trip ____ we finish our project.
53. He didn’t win the race ____ he trained very hard.
54. ____ the project was challenging, he completed it on time.
55. She brought her umbrella ____ it was going to rain.
56. I will not go to the party ____ I have a lot of work.
57. ____ she didn’t have much experience, she did well in the interview.
58. They stayed inside ____ it was snowing heavily.
59. He worked late ____ he could meet the deadline.
60. ____ I was exhausted, I couldn’t sleep.
61. She saved money ____ she wanted to buy a new car.
62. We should leave now ____ we want to avoid the traffic.
63. ____ the class was boring, he stayed until the end.
64. He made dinner ____ she came home late.
65. I will join the gym ____ I find a suitable plan.
66. ____ the noise outside was loud, she slept soundly.
67. She called me ____ she needed help with the project.
68. They decided to eat out ____ they didn’t want to cook.
69. ____ he was excited, he couldn’t hide his smile.
70. She was promoted ____ she worked diligently.
71. We will travel to Europe ____ we save enough money.
72. ____ the store was closed, we found another place to shop.
73. He didn’t like the restaurant ____ the food was not good.
74. I will finish the report ____ you review it.
75. ____ I missed the bus, I took a taxi.
76. She wore sunglasses ____ it was very bright outside.
77. They will go hiking ____ the weather is clear.
78. ____ he finished his homework, he went out to play.
79. I will help you with your project ____ you ask me.
80. She accepted the invitation ____ she was busy.
81. We stayed home ____ it was too hot outside.
82. ____ the book was expensive, he bought it.
83. He called me ____ he wanted to discuss the plan.
84. I will go to the gym ____ I am not too tired.
85. ____ the flight was delayed, we arrived safely.
86. She went shopping ____ she needed new clothes.
87. They decided to watch a movie ____ they were bored.
88. ____ he worked late, he finished the report.
89. I will attend the meeting ____ I have a conflict.
90. She enjoyed the concert ____ it was very loud.
91. We missed the train ____ we left the station late.
92. ____ she was hungry, she waited until dinner time.
93. He bought a gift ____ it was her birthday.
94. I will call you ____ I get home.
95. She finished her homework ____ she went out to play.
96. ____ the restaurant was busy, we got a table.
97. He didn’t understand the instructions ____ they were clear.
98. We went for a walk ____ the weather was perfect.
99. She stayed up late ____ she wanted to finish the book.
100. ____ he was tired, he went for a run.

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