Câu hỏi đuôi (tag questions) là phần quan trọng trong giao tiếp tiếng Anh, dùng để xác nhận thông tin hoặc kiểm tra sự đồng tình từ người khác. Để sử dụng câu hỏi đuôi phức tạp, bạn cần nắm rõ cấu trúc cơ bản và các biến thể nâng cao của nó.

Cấu trúc cơ bản:

1. Khẳng định với động từ trợ từ (auxiliary verb):
   • Cấu trúc: Statement + tag question
   • Ví dụ: “You’re coming to the party, aren’t you?”
2. Phủ định với động từ trợ từ:
   • Cấu trúc: Statement + negative tag question
   • Ví dụ: “She doesn’t like coffee, does she?”

Cách sử dụng câu hỏi đuôi nâng cao:

1. Thì hiện tại đơn và tiếp diễn:
   • Khẳng định: “He works hard, doesn’t he?”
   • Phủ định: “They aren’t watching TV, are they?”
2. Thì quá khứ đơn:
   • Khẳng định: “You visited Paris last summer, didn’t you?”
   • Phủ định: “She didn’t go to the meeting, did she?”
3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
   • Khẳng định: “They have finished their homework, haven’t they?”
   • Phủ định: “You haven’t met him before, have you?”
4. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
   • Khẳng định: “She had left before you arrived, hadn’t she?”
   • Phủ định: “They hadn’t seen that movie before, had they?”
5. Thì tương lai:
   • Khẳng định: “You will help with the project, won’t you?”
   • Phủ định: “He won’t be late, will he?”
6. Câu điều kiện (conditional sentences):
   • Khẳng định: “If it rains, we’ll stay indoors, won’t we?”
   • Phủ định: “If you had known, you wouldn’t have gone, would you?”
7. Câu hỏi đuôi với động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verbs):
   • Khẳng định: “You can drive, can’t you?”
   • Phủ định: “He shouldn’t have done that, should he?”

Một số ví dụ nâng cao:

1. Khẳng định với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
   • “They are meeting us at 3 PM, aren’t they?”
2. Phủ định với thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
   • “He hadn’t completed the assignment by the deadline, had he?”
3. Khẳng định với thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
   • “She has been working here for five years, hasn’t she?”
4. Phủ định với câu điều kiện loại 2:
   • “If she were here, she would know the answer, wouldn’t she?”
5. Khẳng định với thì hiện tại đơn và động từ khiếm khuyết:
   • “You must be excited about the trip, mustn’t you?”
6. Phủ định với thì tương lai tiếp diễn:
   • “They won’t be attending the conference, will they?”

Đối với mệnh đề phủ định: Nếu câu chính là phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là khẳng định và ngược lại.

Đối với mệnh đề có động từ khiếm khuyết: Dùng động từ khiếm khuyết ở dạng phù hợp trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Bài tập

1. She can speak French, ________?
2. They weren’t late, ________?
3. He hasn’t finished his homework, ________?
4. You’ve been to Japan, ________?
5. We should leave now, ________?
6. She won’t mind if I borrow this, ________?
7. They are coming to the party, ________?
8. He had already left when you arrived, ________?
9. You wouldn’t lie to me, ________?
10. She didn’t see the movie, ________?
11. They are working on the project, ________?
12. You won’t be late for the meeting, ________?
13. He would have helped if he had known, ________?
14. We’re going to the beach tomorrow, ________?
15. She had been waiting for an hour, ________?
16. They haven’t met her before, ________?
17. He should have told us earlier, ________?
18. You’re excited about the trip, ________?
19. She doesn’t like seafood, ________?
20. We haven’t received the package yet, ________?
21. They were surprised by the news, ________?
22. You’re not going to the concert, ________?
23. He could have done better, ________?
24. She will have finished by noon, ________?
25. They haven’t been here long, ________?
26. You didn’t hear about the change, ________?
27. He’s been studying hard, ________?
28. We can’t stay for the whole event, ________?
29. She hadn’t completed the form, ________?
30. They are planning a trip, ________?
31. You shouldn’t have left early, ________?
32. He wouldn’t have said that, ________?
33. We haven’t seen the new film, ________?
34. She can’t drive a car, ________?
35. They were at the party last night, ________?
36. He didn’t make any mistakes, ________?
37. You’ve met him before, ________?
38. She wasn’t happy with the result, ________?
39. We won’t be able to join you, ________?
40. They had been traveling for hours, ________?
41. He hasn’t called you, ________?
42. She wouldn’t have reacted that way, ________?
43. You’re not feeling well, ________?
44. They had already seen the show, ________?
45. He should be here by now, ________?
46. We’ll need more time, ________?
47. She didn’t understand the instructions, ________?
48. You were aware of the changes, ________?
49. They weren’t informed about the meeting, ________?
50. He had been practicing for months, ________?
51. You don’t like spicy food, ________?
52. She wasn’t expecting a gift, ________?
53. They won’t be joining us for dinner, ________?
54. He doesn’t have a car, ________?
55. You have finished the assignment, ________?
56. They hadn’t met the new manager, ________?
57. She would help if she could, ________?
58. He isn’t coming to the event, ________?
59. We were all prepared for the test, ________?
60. You haven’t seen the documentary, ________?
61. She would have told us if she knew, ________?
62. They were satisfied with the result, ________?
63. He wasn’t aware of the deadline, ________?
64. You’re planning to travel next week, ________?
65. She didn’t finish her meal, ________?
66. They’re arriving tomorrow, ________?
67. He wouldn’t have missed the meeting, ________?
68. You aren’t familiar with this place, ________?
69. She’s been working here for years, ________?
70. We couldn’t find the restaurant, ________?
71. He hasn’t been to the new mall, ________?
72. They would have liked to attend, ________?
73. You’re not planning a vacation, ________?
74. She wasn’t aware of the issue, ________?
75. They didn’t receive the email, ________?
76. He was supposed to call you, ________?
77. You weren’t busy yesterday, ________?
78. She should have arrived by now, ________?
79. They weren’t interested in the offer, ________?
80. He has been working overtime, ________?
81. You didn’t forget the appointment, ________?
82. She wouldn’t have accepted the proposal, ________?
83. They are staying at a hotel, ________?
84. He didn’t understand the question, ________?
85. You haven’t made a decision yet, ________?
86. She wouldn’t have chosen that option, ________?
87. They weren’t aware of the change, ________?
88. He has been practicing all week, ________?
89. You’re not coming to the party, ________?
90. She wasn’t at the meeting, ________?
91. They wouldn’t have gone if they had known, ________?
92. He has finished the project, ________?
93. You wouldn’t disagree with me, ________?
94. She can solve the problem, ________?
95. They hadn’t heard the news, ________?
96. He hasn’t received any updates, ________?
97. You didn’t know about the event, ________?
98. She would have joined us, ________?
99. They are working on the new design, ________?
100. He wasn’t surprised by the outcome, ________?

Đáp án

1. can’t she?
2. were they?
3. has he?
4. haven’t you?
5. shouldn’t we?
6. will she?
7. aren’t they?
8. hadn’t he?
9. would you?
10. did she?
11. aren’t they?
12. will you?
13. wouldn’t he?
14. aren’t we?
15. hadn’t she?
16. have they?
17. shouldn’t he?
18. aren’t you?
19. does she?
20. have we?
21. weren’t they?
22. are you?
23. couldn’t he?
24. won’t she?
25. have they?
26. did you?
27. hasn’t he?
28. can’t we?
29. had she?
30. aren’t they?
31. should you?
32. would he?
33. have we?
34. can she?
35. weren’t they?
36. did he?
37. haven’t you?
38. was she?
39. will we?
40. hadn’t they?
41. has he?
42. would she?
43. are you?
44. had they?
45. shouldn’t he?
46. won’t we?
47. did she?
48. weren’t you?
49. were they?
50. hadn’t he?
51. don’t you?
52. was she?
53. will they?
54. does he?
55. haven’t you?
56. had they?
57. wouldn’t she?
58. is he?
59. weren’t we?
60. have you?
61. wouldn’t she?
62. were they?
63. wasn’t he?
64. aren’t you?
65. did she?
66. aren’t they?
67. would he?
68. are you?
69. hasn’t she?
70. could we?
71. has he?
72. would they?
73. are you?
74. was she?
75. did they?
76. wasn’t he?
77. were you?
78. should she?
79. were they?
80. hasn’t he?
81. did you?
82. would she?
83. aren’t they?
84. didn’t he?
85. have you?
86. wouldn’t she?
87. weren’t they?
88. has he?
89. are you?
90. was she?
91. would they?
92. has he?
93. would you?
94. can she?
95. had they?
96. has he?
97. did you?
98. wouldn’t she?
99. aren’t they?
100. was he?