“Lest” được sử dụng trong thể giả định để chỉ một hành động hoặc tình huống nhằm ngăn chặn một điều không mong muốn xảy ra. Trong câu, “lest” thường được theo sau bởi một mệnh đề với động từ ở dạng hiện tại hoặc quá khứ, và nó có nghĩa là “để không xảy ra điều gì” hoặc “để tránh điều gì”.

Cấu trúc:

• Cấu trúc cơ bản: Main clause + lest + (subject + verb)
  • Ví dụ: “Take an umbrella, lest you get wet.”

Cách sử dụng “lest”:

1. Để tránh điều không mong muốn:
   • “Lest” được dùng để chỉ hành động được thực hiện nhằm ngăn chặn một kết quả không mong muốn.
   • Ví dụ: “He whispered quietly lest he wake the baby.”
2. Mệnh đề với “lest”:
   • Mệnh đề theo sau “lest” thường có dạng hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn để diễn tả sự lo lắng hoặc dự đoán.
   • Ví dụ: “She left early, lest she be late for the meeting.”
3. Tính trang trọng:
   • Sử dụng “lest” thường mang tính trang trọng hoặc văn viết. Trong giao tiếp thông thường, “so that…not” có thể được sử dụng thay thế.
   • Ví dụ: “He avoided the question lest he reveal too much.” (hoặc “He avoided the question so that he would not reveal too much.”)

Bài tập

1. She carried an umbrella ________ it might rain.
2. He left early ________ he miss the train.
3. They studied late into the night ________ they fail the exam.
4. She locked the door carefully ________ someone get in.
5. The manager reviewed the report twice ________ any errors be overlooked.
6. They took a different route ________ they get stuck in traffic.
7. He checked his work twice ________ he make a mistake.
8. She avoided discussing the topic ________ it cause an argument.
9. He brought a map ________ he get lost.
10. She set her alarm ________ she oversleep.
11. They saved extra money ________ they encounter unexpected expenses.
12. He prepared a backup plan ________ the original one fail.
13. She wore warm clothes ________ the weather turn colder.
14. They kept their voices low ________ they disturb the guests.
15. He made a reservation ________ the restaurant be full.
16. She arrived early ________ she miss the start of the event.
17. They avoided walking alone ________ they be attacked.
18. He practiced the speech several times ________ he forget his lines.
19. She kept her phone charged ________ it die during the day.
20. They reviewed the instructions carefully ________ they misunderstand them.
21. He took notes during the meeting ________ he forget important details.
22. She made sure to double-check the details ________ there be any mistakes.
23. They followed the recipe exactly ________ the dish not turn out well.
24. He avoided discussing sensitive topics ________ he offend someone.
25. She studied all the chapters ________ she be unprepared for the test.
26. They kept the windows closed ________ the noise from outside disturb them.
27. He updated the software ________ there be any glitches.
28. She maintained a safe distance ________ she not be caught in the accident.
29. They rehearsed the play ________ they forget their lines on stage.
30. He brought a spare tire ________ he get a flat.
31. She used a GPS ________ she lose her way.
32. They stayed indoors ________ it start to rain.
33. He asked for directions ________ he get lost.
34. She avoided heavy foods ________ she feel unwell.
35. They packed extra supplies ________ they run out.
36. He set up a reminder ________ he miss the appointment.
37. She brought a jacket ________ it get cold.
38. They made copies of the documents ________ the originals be lost.
39. He arranged for transportation ________ the car break down.
40. She kept the windows shut ________ the cold air get in.
41. They checked the list ________ they forget anything important.
42. He avoided eating too much ________ he feel sick.
43. She practiced her presentation ________ she be unprepared.
44. They ensured the doors were locked ________ someone break in.
45. He bought tickets in advance ________ they sell out.
46. She avoided talking loudly ________ she disturb the neighbors.
47. They checked their equipment ________ it malfunction.
48. He saved his work frequently ________ it be lost.
49. She brought extra batteries ________ the ones she had die.
50. They studied the map carefully ________ they take a wrong turn.
51. He kept his phone handy ________ he needed to make an urgent call.
52. She filled up the gas tank ________ she run out of fuel.
53. They avoided taking risks ________ they face unnecessary problems.
54. He made sure the door was closed ________ the cold air get in.
55. She reviewed her notes ________ she forget important points.
56. They packed warm clothing ________ the weather get colder.
57. He brought a flashlight ________ the power go out.
58. She set her watch ahead ________ she be late.
59. They followed the guidelines strictly ________ they face penalties.
60. He prepared for the meeting thoroughly ________ he be caught off guard.
61. She kept her documents safe ________ they get damaged.
62. They avoided using their phones ________ they run out of battery.
63. He brought snacks ________ they get hungry during the trip.
64. She kept a first aid kit handy ________ an emergency arise.
65. They made sure to bring a tent ________ it rain during the camping trip.
66. He carefully checked the locks ________ anyone get in.
67. She packed an extra set of clothes ________ she get dirty.
68. They avoided making noise ________ they wake the baby.
69. He ensured all the windows were closed ________ the wind cause damage.
70. She prepared a detailed plan ________ she miss any important details.
71. They set up a schedule ________ they forget their commitments.
72. He reviewed the contract thoroughly ________ he overlook any terms.
73. She arrived at the station early ________ she miss her train.
74. They packed a cooler ________ they need to keep their food fresh.
75. He brought a spare pair of glasses ________ his break.
76. She took her medication regularly ________ she have a relapse.
77. They cleaned up the mess ________ it cause any damage.
78. He kept his keys in a safe place ________ he lose them.
79. She made sure her car was serviced ________ it break down.
80. They packed a map ________ they get lost in the wilderness.
81. He ensured he had enough cash ________ he face any unexpected expenses.
82. She avoided risky areas ________ she be in danger.
83. They kept their valuables secure ________ they be stolen.
84. He double-checked his itinerary ________ he miss any connections.
85. She took regular breaks ________ she become too tired.
86. They avoided using public transport ________ they face delays.
87. He kept his documents organized ________ he misplace them.
88. She ensured her phone was fully charged ________ it run out of power.
89. They made sure to lock up ________ anyone break in.
90. He took extra care with his health ________ he fall ill.
91. She packed a raincoat ________ it rain unexpectedly.
92. They set up an alarm ________ they forget to turn it off.
93. He brought an extra set of tools ________ he need them for repairs.
94. She made sure to confirm her reservations ________ she face any issues.
95. They checked the weather forecast ________ they be unprepared.
96. He took all necessary precautions ________ he be caught off guard.
97. She kept a backup copy of her work ________ it get lost.
98. They ensured the doors were securely locked ________ anyone enter.
99. He brought a spare key ________ he lose the original.
100. She set reminders on her phone ________ she forget important tasks.

Đáp án

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