Câu bị động đặc biệt trong tiếng Anh thường được sử dụng khi chủ thể của hành động không quan trọng hoặc không được biết đến.

1. Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu (Modal Verbs)

Cấu trúc: Modal verb + be + V3/ed (past participle)

• Câu chủ động: Someone should finish the report.
• Câu bị động: The report should be finished.
• Câu chủ động: They can solve this problem.
• Câu bị động: This problem can be solved.

2. Bị động với cấu trúc câu mệnh lệnh (Imperative Sentences)

Cấu trúc: Let + object + be + V3/ed

• Câu chủ động: Open the door.
• Câu bị động: Let the door be opened.
• Câu chủ động: Finish the work.
• Câu bị động: Let the work be finished.

3. Bị động với các cấu trúc “It is said that…”

Cấu trúc: It + is/was + said/believed/reported + that + clause

• Câu chủ động: People say that he is a good teacher.
• Câu bị động: It is said that he is a good teacher.

Hoặc: Cấu trúc: Subject + is/was + said/believed/reported + to + V-infinitive

• Câu chủ động: People say that he is a good teacher.
• Câu bị động: He is said to be a good teacher.

4. Bị động với các động từ chỉ cảm giác (Verbs of Perception)

Cấu trúc: Subject + be + V3/ed + to + V-infinitive

• Câu chủ động: They saw him leave the house.
• Câu bị động: He was seen to leave the house.
• Câu chủ động: We heard her sing a song.
• Câu bị động: She was heard to sing a song.

5. Bị động với cấu trúc “Have/Get something done”

Cấu trúc: Subject + have/get + object + V3/ed

• Câu chủ động: I have someone clean my car.
• Câu bị động: I have my car cleaned.
• Câu chủ động: She got someone to repair her computer.
• Câu bị động: She got her computer repaired.

6. Bị động với các cụm động từ (Phrasal Verbs)

Cấu trúc: Subject + be + V3/ed + preposition/adverb

• Câu chủ động: They called off the meeting.
• Câu bị động: The meeting was called off.
• Câu chủ động: The teacher pointed out the mistakes.
• Câu bị động: The mistakes were pointed out.

7. Bị động với cấu trúc “It is time + for + object + to + V”

Cấu trúc: It is time + for + object + to be + V3/ed

• Câu chủ động: It’s time for someone to clean the room.
• Câu bị động: It’s time for the room to be cleaned.

8. Bị động với các động từ chỉ ý kiến (Reporting Verbs)

Cấu trúc: Subject + is/was + believed/considered/expected + to + V-infinitive

• Câu chủ động: People believe that she will win.
• Câu bị động: She is believed to win.
• Câu chủ động: People expect that he will arrive soon.
• Câu bị động: He is expected to arrive soon.

9. Bị động với cấu trúc “Make/Let someone do something”

Cấu trúc: Subject + be + made/let + to + V-infinitive

• Câu chủ động: They made him do it.
• Câu bị động: He was made to do it.
• Câu chủ động: She lets him play outside.
• Câu bị động: He is let to play outside.

Lưu ý:

• Không phải tất cả các câu chủ động đều có thể chuyển sang câu bị động.
• Các cấu trúc đặc biệt này thường gặp trong văn viết, đặc biệt là trong các báo cáo, tài liệu khoa học, hoặc bài văn trang trọng.

Bài tập về cấu trúc câu bị động trong tiếng Anh

1. She __________ going to the store yesterday.
2. They __________ seen that movie before.
3. I will call you when I __________ home.
4. He __________ his homework before dinner.
5. The cake __________ baked by my mom.
6. We __________ playing football when it started to rain.
7. This is the book that I __________ reading last week.
8. The car __________ parked in front of the house.
9. She __________ to the gym every morning.
10. He __________ his keys on the table.
11. I __________ seen him in a long time.
12. They __________ to the party last night.
13. The sun __________ shining brightly today.
14. She __________ her car to work every day.
15. We __________ been friends for many years.
16. He __________ a letter to his friend.
17. The children __________ playing in the park.
18. She __________ the answer to the question.
19. They __________ finished their homework yet.
20. He __________ to the concert tomorrow.
21. I __________ happy to hear the news.
22. The movie __________ very interesting.
23. She __________ her room every weekend.
24. He __________ for the bus when I saw him.
25. They __________ studying for the exam now.
26. I __________ the report by next Monday.
27. She __________ a beautiful dress at the store.
28. He __________ the door open for her.
29. We __________ going to the beach next weekend.
30. The teacher __________ the students to be quiet.
31. She __________ breakfast at 7 am every day.
32. He __________ never been to that restaurant before.
33. They __________ the game by two points.
34. I __________ to call my friend yesterday.
35. The weather __________ very hot today.
36. She __________ to the music while working.
37. He __________ his bike to school every day.
38. They __________ planning a surprise party for him.
39. I __________ a new book last week.
40. She __________ waiting for her friend at the station.
41. He __________ finished his assignment on time.
42. The flowers __________ blooming in the garden.
43. We __________ going to a concert tonight.
44. She __________ bought a gift for her mother.
45. He __________ a delicious meal for dinner.
46. They __________ going on vacation next month.
47. I __________ watching TV when the phone rang.
48. She __________ her dog for a walk every evening.
49. The movie __________ starting in 10 minutes.
50. He __________ reading a newspaper in the morning.
51. They __________ playing tennis when it started to rain.
52. I __________ an email to my boss yesterday.
53. The train __________ arriving at the station now.
54. She __________ to visit her grandmother this weekend.
55. He __________ the answer to the question correctly.
56. They __________ planning to go hiking tomorrow.
57. I __________ a new pair of shoes last week.
58. She __________ the dishes after dinner.
59. He __________ studying for his exams all day.
60. The children __________ playing games at the party.
61. We __________ visiting our relatives this weekend.
62. She __________ working on her project right now.
63. He __________ a new job last month.
64. They __________ cleaning the house when I arrived.
65. I __________ the letter you sent me yesterday.
66. The movie __________ very exciting.
67. She __________ her homework before watching TV.
68. He __________ driving his car when the accident happened.
69. They __________ waiting for the bus at the station.
70. I __________ cooking dinner when the power went out.
71. The teacher __________ explaining the lesson to the students.
72. She __________ finished her work early today.
73. He __________ a book on the shelf.
74. They __________ planning a trip to the mountains.
75. I __________ the package yesterday.
76. She __________ the laundry every weekend.
77. He __________ going to the gym every morning.
78. They __________ having lunch when I arrived.
79. I __________ the email you sent me.
80. The sun __________ setting when we arrived at the beach.
81. She __________ to the store to buy some groceries.
82. He __________ his shoes before entering the house.
83. They __________ studying for their final exams.
84. I __________ seen that movie several times.
85. She __________ the house before leaving for work.
86. He __________ working late at the office tonight.
87. The dog __________ barking loudly outside.
88. We __________ having a picnic in the park tomorrow.
89. She __________ waiting for her friend at the café.
90. He __________ writing a letter to his parents.
91. They __________ preparing for the upcoming event.
92. I __________ looking forward to the weekend.
93. The children __________ playing in the backyard.
94. She __________ a new dress for the party.
95. He __________ driving to work when he heard the news.
96. They __________ planning to visit the museum tomorrow.
97. I __________ reading a novel by my favorite author.
98. The teacher __________ giving instructions to the students.
99. She __________ the phone when it rang.
100. He __________ studying for his exams right now.

Đáp án

1. was
2. have
3. get
4. finished
5. was
6. were
7. was
8. is
9. goes
10. left
11. haven’t
12. went
13. is
14. drives
15. have
16. wrote
17. are
18. knows
19. haven’t
20. is going
21. am
22. was
23. cleans
24. was waiting
25. are
26. will finish
27. bought
28. held
29. are
30. told
31. eats
32. has
33. won
34. forgot
35. is
36. was listening
37. rides
38. are
39. bought
40. was
41. had
42. are
43. are
44. has
45. cooked
46. are
47. was
48. takes
49. is
50. reads
51. were
52. sent
53. is
54. is going
55. answered
56. are
57. bought
58. washed
59. has been
60. were
61. are
62. is
63. got
64. were
65. received
66. was
67. does
68. was
69. were
70. was
71. was
72. has
73. put
74. are
75. received
76. does
77. is
78. were
79. received
80. was
81. went
82. takes off
83. are
84. have
85. cleaned
86. is
87. is
88. are
89. is
90. is
91. are
92. am
93. are
94. bought
95. was
96. are
97. am
98. is
99. picked up
100. is