Cấu trúc của “wish” và “if only” để diễn đạt mong muốn và hối tiếc trong tiếng Anh:

1. Wish + S + V (simple past): Diễn tả mong muốn hiện tại không thể thành hiện thực.
   • Ví dụ: I wish I had more time to study. (Tôi ước mình có nhiều thời gian hơn để học.)
2. Wish + S + were (đối với “I” và “he/she/it”) hoặc was (đối với “you/we/they”) + V-ing: Diễn tả mong muốn điều gì đó khác so với hiện tại.
   • Ví dụ: She wishes she were taller. (Cô ấy ước mình cao hơn.)
3. Wish + S + had + V3 (past participle): Diễn tả hối tiếc về điều gì đó không thể thay đổi trong quá khứ.
   • Ví dụ: I wish I had studied harder for the exam. (Tôi hối tiếc vì không học chăm chỉ hơn cho kỳ thi.)
4. If only + S + V (simple past): Tương tự như “wish”, diễn tả mong muốn và hối tiếc.
   • Ví dụ: If only she had told me earlier. (Giá mà cô ấy đã nói cho tôi biết sớm hơn.)

Các cấu trúc này giúp bạn biểu đạt những cảm xúc về những điều bạn muốn thay đổi trong quá khứ hoặc hiện tại.

Các câu bài tập:

Bài tập 1: Sử dụng “wish”

1. I wish I ___ more time to finish my project.
2. She wishes she ___ a better job.
3. They wish they ___ to the party last night.
4. We wish we ___ to travel more often.
5. He wishes he ___ more attention to his health.

Bài tập 2: Sử dụng “if only”

1. If only I ___ to the gym more often.
2. If only he ___ me about the changes earlier.
3. If only they ___ more carefully before making a decision.
4. If only she ___ me her true feelings.
5. If only we ___ to save more money last year.

Bài tập 3: Sử dụng cả “wish” và “if only”

1. I wish I ___ to the concert last night. If only I ___ about it sooner.
2. She wishes she ___ for the interview. If only she ___ more time to prepare.
3. They wish they ___ harder in school. If only they ___ how important it would be later.
4. We wish we ___ the deadline. If only we ___ more organized.
5. He wishes he ___ his parents’ advice. If only he ___ how valuable it was.

Bài tập 4: Kết hợp “wish” và “if only” với các thì khác nhau

1. I wish I ___ (know) about the meeting. If only I ___ (check) my email earlier. (past perfect / past simple)
2. She wishes she ___ (have) more time to spend with her family. If only she ___ (manage) her schedule better. (simple past / past perfect)
3. They wish they ___ (be) more careful with their expenses. If only they ___ (realize) the importance of saving money sooner. (past simple / past perfect)
4. We wish we ___ (not miss) the train. If only we ___ (leave) home earlier. (past perfect / past perfect)
5. He wishes he ___ (remember) to bring his passport. If only he ___ (double-check) his bag before leaving. (past simple / past simple)

Bài tập 5: Sử dụng “wish” và “if only” với các biến thể khác nhau

1. I wish I ___ (can) speak Spanish fluently. If only I ___ (study) harder when I was in school. (present / past perfect)
2. She wishes she ___ (not miss) the bus this morning. If only she ___ (wake) up on time. (past simple / past simple)
3. They wish they ___ (be able to) afford a bigger house. If only they ___ (save) more money last year. (could / had saved)
4. We wish we ___ (not make) that mistake. If only we ___ (pay) more attention. (hadn’t made / had paid)
5. He wishes he ___ (not lose) his keys. If only he ___ (remember) where he put them. (hadn’t lost / had remembered)

Bài tập 1: Sử dụng “wish”

1. I wish I had more time to finish my project.
2. She wishes she had a better job.
3. They wish they had gone to the party last night.
4. We wish we were able to travel more often.
5. He wishes he paid more attention to his health.

Bài tập 2: Sử dụng “if only”

1. If only I went to the gym more often.
2. If only he told me about the changes earlier.
3. If only they thought more carefully before making a decision.
4. If only she had told me her true feelings.
5. If only we had managed to save more money last year.

Bài tập 3: Sử dụng cả “wish” và “if only”

1. I wish I had gone to the concert last night. If only I had known about it sooner.
2. She wishes she had prepared for the interview. If only she had had more time to prepare.
3. They wish they had studied harder in school. If only they had realized how important it would be later.
4. We wish we had met the deadline. If only we had been more organized.
5. He wishes he had followed his parents’ advice. If only he had known how valuable it was.

Bài tập 4: Kết hợp “wish” và “if only” với các thì khác nhau

1. I wish I had known about the meeting. If only I had checked my email earlier. (past perfect / past simple)
2. She wishes she had had more time to spend with her family. If only she had managed her schedule better. (simple past / past perfect)
3. They wish they had been more careful with their expenses. If only they had realized the importance of saving money sooner. (past simple / past perfect)
4. We wish we had not missed the train. If only we had left home earlier. (past perfect / past perfect)
5. He wishes he had remembered to bring his passport. If only he had double-checked his bag before leaving. (past simple / past simple)

Bài tập 5: Sử dụng “wish” và “if only” với các biến thể khác nhau

1. I wish I could speak Spanish fluently. If only I had studied harder when I was in school. (present / past perfect)
2. She wishes she had not missed the bus this morning. If only she had woken up on time. (past simple / past simple)
3. They wish they could afford a bigger house. If only they had saved more money last year. (could / had saved)
4. We wish we had not made that mistake. If only we had paid more attention. (hadn’t made / had paid)
5. He wishes he had not lost his keys. If only he had remembered where he put them. (hadn’t lost / had remembered)

Đọc thêm: Câu bị động nâng cao trong các thì phức tạp.