Đại từ quan hệ trong tiếng Anh là các từ được sử dụng để nối các mệnh đề với nhau, làm cho câu văn trở nên phong phú và chi tiết hơn. Đại từ quan hệ gồm hai loại chính: đại từ quan hệ xác định và đại từ quan hệ không xác định.

Đại từ quan hệ xác định (Defining Relative Pronouns)

Đại từ quan hệ xác định được sử dụng để cung cấp thông tin cần thiết về danh từ mà chúng thay thế. Nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề quan hệ xác định, câu sẽ không còn rõ nghĩa hoặc có thể bị thay đổi nghĩa.

Who: dùng cho người (chủ ngữ)

• The man who is talking to Mary is my brother. (Người đàn ông đang nói chuyện với Mary là anh trai tôi.)

Whom: dùng cho người (tân ngữ)

• The person whom you met yesterday is my friend. (Người mà bạn gặp hôm qua là bạn tôi.)

Whose: dùng để chỉ sở hữu

• The student whose laptop was stolen is very upset. (Sinh viên có máy tính xách tay bị đánh cắp rất buồn.)

Which: dùng cho vật hoặc động vật (chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)

• The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (Cuốn sách mà tôi mượn từ thư viện rất thú vị.)

That: dùng cho cả người và vật (chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)

• The house that Jack built is old. (Ngôi nhà mà Jack xây dựng đã cũ.)
• The woman that you saw at the party is my aunt. (Người phụ nữ mà bạn thấy ở bữa tiệc là dì tôi.)

Đại từ quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining Relative Pronouns)

Đại từ quan hệ không xác định cung cấp thêm thông tin về danh từ nhưng thông tin này không cần thiết cho sự hiểu biết cơ bản của câu. Nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, câu vẫn rõ nghĩa.

Who: dùng cho người (chủ ngữ)

• My mother, who is 60 years old, still works every day. (Mẹ tôi, người đã 60 tuổi, vẫn làm việc mỗi ngày.)

Whom: dùng cho người (tân ngữ)

• My uncle, whom you met last week, is coming to visit. (Chú tôi, người mà bạn gặp tuần trước, sẽ đến thăm.)

Whose: dùng để chỉ sở hữu

• Mr. Smith, whose daughter is in my class, is a famous writer. (Ông Smith, người có con gái học trong lớp tôi, là một nhà văn nổi tiếng.)

Which: dùng cho vật hoặc động vật (chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)

• The Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris, is a popular tourist attraction. (Tháp Eiffel, nằm ở Paris, là một điểm thu hút khách du lịch phổ biến.)

That: không được sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.

So sánh giữa đại từ quan hệ xác định và không xác định

1. Mệnh đề xác định:
   • Cung cấp thông tin cần thiết cho danh từ chính.
   • Không có dấu phẩy trước mệnh đề quan hệ.
   • Có thể sử dụng that.
2. Mệnh đề không xác định:
   • Cung cấp thông tin bổ sung, không cần thiết.
   • Có dấu phẩy trước và sau mệnh đề quan hệ.
   • Không sử dụng that.

Ví dụ:

• Defining: The car that I bought last week is very fast. (Xe mà tôi mua tuần trước rất nhanh.)
• Non-defining: My car, which I bought last week, is very fast. (Xe của tôi, mà tôi mua tuần trước, rất nhanh.)

Dưới đây là 100 câu bài tập dạng gap filling sử dụng các đại từ quan hệ “who,” “whom,” “whose,” “which,” và “that.”

1. The man ___ is talking to my sister is my uncle.
2. The movie ___ I watched yesterday was amazing.
3. The woman ___ I met at the party is a famous actress.
4. The car ___ he drives is very expensive.
5. The student ___ book was lost came to the office.
6. The team ___ won the championship celebrated all night.
7. The artist ___ paintings were displayed is very talented.
8. The teacher ___ students love him is very kind.
9. The house ___ is on the hill belongs to my friend.
10. The book ___ cover is red is mine.
11. The man ___ you saw at the store is my neighbor.
12. The girl ___ dog was barking is my classmate.
13. The restaurant ___ we ate dinner was fantastic.
14. The phone ___ you found is mine.
15. The lady ___ lives next door is very friendly.
16. The movie ___ we watched last night was scary.
17. The cat ___ is sleeping on the sofa is very cute.
18. The doctor ___ treated me was very kind.
19. The singer ___ album went platinum is very famous.
20. The car ___ was parked outside is mine.
21. The boy ___ you helped is my cousin.
22. The girl ___ brother is a doctor is my friend.
23. The food ___ we ordered was delicious.
24. The dog ___ owner is away is very sad.
25. The woman ___ we met yesterday is my aunt.
26. The book ___ she wrote is a bestseller.
27. The man ___ wife is a teacher is my uncle.
28. The place ___ we visited was very beautiful.
29. The student ___ you taught is very intelligent.
30. The song ___ you are singing is my favorite.
31. The person ___ you are looking for is not here.
32. The house ___ was destroyed by the fire is being rebuilt.
33. The girl ___ dress is blue is my sister.
34. The man ___ car broke down called a mechanic.
35. The movie ___ we saw was very boring.
36. The dog ___ barked all night is very annoying.
37. The boy ___ is playing football is my brother.
38. The teacher ___ you respect is retiring next year.
39. The woman ___ purse was stolen reported it to the police.
40. The city ___ I was born in is very large.
41. The car ___ he bought is very fast.
42. The student ___ grades are high is very diligent.
43. The book ___ you gave me is very interesting.
44. The man ___ house was robbed is very upset.
45. The song ___ is playing on the radio is very popular.
46. The person ___ I admire most is my mother.
47. The girl ___ won the contest is very happy.
48. The movie ___ we watched last night was very exciting.
49. The dog ___ you adopted is very cute.
50. The teacher ___ taught me is very knowledgeable.
51. The boy ___ father is a doctor wants to be a doctor too.
52. The car ___ he drives is very old.
53. The student ___ you helped is very grateful.
54. The book ___ I am reading is very long.
55. The man ___ I saw yesterday is my teacher.
56. The woman ___ you are talking about is my aunt.
57. The dog ___ is barking belongs to my neighbor.
58. The movie ___ we watched was very funny.
59. The house ___ they bought is very large.
60. The girl ___ won the prize is very talented.
61. The book ___ she is reading is very interesting.
62. The man ___ I spoke to was very kind.
63. The teacher ___ you like is very strict.
64. The cat ___ tail is long is very cute.
65. The food ___ we ate was very spicy.
66. The place ___ we stayed was very comfortable.
67. The boy ___ you saw is my friend.
68. The man ___ car was stolen is very angry.
69. The movie ___ I watched was very sad.
70. The dog ___ is barking is very noisy.
71. The girl ___ helped me is very kind.
72. The book ___ I borrowed is very old.
73. The person ___ you met is my friend.
74. The house ___ we visited is very old.
75. The boy ___ mother is a teacher is very smart.
76. The teacher ___ I respect is very wise.
77. The woman ___ car is red is very rich.
78. The book ___ you gave me is very helpful.
79. The man ___ I saw is very tall.
80. The girl ___ hair is long is very beautiful.
81. The dog ___ he adopted is very friendly.
82. The movie ___ you recommended was great.
83. The boy ___ father is a doctor is very smart.
84. The book ___ she lent me is very thick.
85. The man ___ you helped is very grateful.
86. The house ___ they live in is very large.
87. The girl ___ won the scholarship is very talented.
88. The car ___ I bought is very fast.
89. The person ___ you called is not available.
90. The movie ___ we watched was very long.
91. The dog ___ barked all night is very tired now.
92. The teacher ___ taught us is very strict.
93. The boy ___ sister is my friend is very shy.
94. The house ___ was sold is very old.
95. The book ___ I am reading is very boring.
96. The man ___ wife is a doctor is very proud of her.
97. The girl ___ won the contest is very happy.
98. The song ___ you are listening to is very nice.
99. The person ___ you are waiting for is here.
100. The movie ___ I watched last night was very scary.

Dưới đây là đáp án cho 100 câu bài tập dạng gap filling với các đại từ quan hệ “who,” “whom,” “whose,” “which,” và “that,” được in đậm.

1. The man who is talking to my sister is my uncle.
2. The movie which/that I watched yesterday was amazing.
3. The woman whom I met at the party is a famous actress.
4. The car which/that he drives is very expensive.
5. The student whose book was lost came to the office.
6. The team which/that won the championship celebrated all night.
7. The artist whose paintings were displayed is very talented.
8. The teacher whose students love him is very kind.
9. The house which/that is on the hill belongs to my friend.
10. The book whose cover is red is mine.
11. The man whom you saw at the store is my neighbor.
12. The girl whose dog was barking is my classmate.
13. The restaurant where we ate dinner was fantastic.
14. The phone which/that you found is mine.
15. The lady who lives next door is very friendly.
16. The movie which/that we watched last night was scary.
17. The cat which/that is sleeping on the sofa is very cute.
18. The doctor who treated me was very kind.
19. The singer whose album went platinum is very famous.
20. The car which/that was parked outside is mine.
21. The boy whom you helped is my cousin.
22. The girl whose brother is a doctor is my friend.
23. The food which/that we ordered was delicious.
24. The dog whose owner is away is very sad.
25. The woman whom we met yesterday is my aunt.
26. The book which/that she wrote is a bestseller.
27. The man whose wife is a teacher is my uncle.
28. The place which/that we visited was very beautiful.
29. The student whom you taught is very intelligent.
30. The song which/that you are singing is my favorite.
31. The person whom you are looking for is not here.
32. The house which/that was destroyed by the fire is being rebuilt.
33. The girl whose dress is blue is my sister.
34. The man whose car broke down called a mechanic.
35. The movie which/that we saw was very boring.
36. The dog which/that barked all night is very annoying.
37. The boy who is playing football is my brother.
38. The teacher whom you respect is retiring next year.
39. The woman whose purse was stolen reported it to the police.
40. The city where I was born is very large.
41. The car which/that he bought is very fast.
42. The student whose grades are high is very diligent.
43. The book which/that you gave me is very interesting.
44. The man whose house was robbed is very upset.
45. The song which/that is playing on the radio is very popular.
46. The person whom I admire most is my mother.
47. The girl who won the contest is very happy.
48. The movie which/that we watched last night was very exciting.
49. The dog which/that you adopted is very cute.
50. The teacher who taught me is very knowledgeable.
51. The boy whose father is a doctor wants to be a doctor too.
52. The car which/that he drives is very old.
53. The student whom you helped is very grateful.
54. The book which/that I am reading is very long.
55. The man whom I saw yesterday is my teacher.
56. The woman whom you are talking about is my aunt.
57. The dog which/that is barking belongs to my neighbor.
58. The movie which/that we watched was very funny.
59. The house which/that they bought is very large.
60. The girl who won the prize is very talented.
61. The book which/that she is reading is very interesting.
62. The man whom I spoke to was very kind.
63. The teacher whom you like is very strict.
64. The cat whose tail is long is very cute.
65. The food which/that we ate was very spicy.
66. The place where we stayed was very comfortable.
67. The boy whom you saw is my friend.
68. The man whose car was stolen is very angry.
69. The movie which/that I watched was very sad.
70. The dog which/that is barking is very noisy.
71. The girl who helped me is very kind.
72. The book which/that I borrowed is very old.
73. The person whom you met is my friend.
74. The house which/that we visited is very old.
75. The boy whose mother is a teacher is very smart.
76. The teacher whom I respect is very wise.
77. The woman whose car is red is very rich.
78. The book which/that you gave me is very helpful.
79. The man whom I saw is very tall.
80. The girl whose hair is long is very beautiful.
81. The dog which/that he adopted is very friendly.
82. The movie which/that you recommended was great.
83. The boy whose father is a doctor is very smart.
84. The book which/that she lent me is very thick.
85. The man whom you helped is very grateful.
86. The house which/that they live in is very large.
87. The girl who won the scholarship is very talented.
88. The car which/that I bought is very fast.
89. The person whom you called is not available.
90. The movie which/that we watched was very long.
91. The dog which/that barked all night is very tired now.
92. The teacher whom taught us is very strict.
93. The boy whose sister is my friend is very shy.
94. The house which/that was sold is very old.
95. The book which/that I am reading is very boring.
96. The man whose wife is a doctor is very proud of her.
97. The girl who won the contest is very happy.
98. The song which/that you are listening to is very nice.
99. The person whom you are waiting for is here.
100. The movie which/that I watched last night was very scary.

Đọc thêm: Sử dụng cụm từ phân từ như thế nào?