Mệnh đề trạng từ và mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ, thường bắt đầu bằng các liên từ phụ thuộc (subordinating conjunctions) như “because”, “since”, “if”, “when”, “while”, “although”, v.v. Mệnh đề trạng từ được sử dụng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ hoặc một mệnh đề khác và có thể trả lời các câu hỏi như “khi nào?”, “tại sao?”, “như thế nào?”, “ở đâu?”.

Ví dụ:

• When he arrived, the meeting had already started. (Khi anh ấy đến, cuộc họp đã bắt đầu rồi.)
• She sings because she loves music. (Cô ấy hát vì cô ấy yêu âm nhạc.)
• Although it was raining, they went for a walk. (Mặc dù trời mưa, họ vẫn đi dạo.)

Mệnh đề tính từ (Adjective Clause):

Mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ, thường bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns) như “who”, “whom”, “whose”, “which”, “that” hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs) như “where”, “when”, “why”. Mệnh đề tính từ được sử dụng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ, giúp cung cấp thêm thông tin về danh từ đó.

Ví dụ:

• The book that you gave me is interesting. (Cuốn sách mà bạn đưa cho tôi rất thú vị.)
• The man who is standing over there is my uncle. (Người đàn ông đang đứng đằng kia là chú của tôi.)
• This is the place where we met. (Đây là nơi chúng tôi gặp nhau.)

Bài tập mệnh đề tính từ trong tiếng Anh:

1. The book ________ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
2. She has a friend ________ speaks five languages fluently.
3. The car ________ broke down yesterday has been repaired.
4. This is the house ________ we used to live in.
5. The movie ________ we watched last night was fantastic.
6. He met a woman ________ dog had won a national competition.
7. The restaurant ________ serves Italian food is just around the corner.
8. The person ________ I met at the party was very friendly.
9. The hotel ________ we stayed at was very comfortable.
10. Do you know anyone ________ can fix computers?
11. This is the reason ________ I couldn’t come to the meeting.
12. The girl ________ bag was stolen reported it to the police.
13. I visited the museum ________ exhibits ancient artifacts.
14. The professor ________ lectures are always informative is retiring next year.
15. The team ________ won the championship celebrated all night.
16. This is the company ________ products are known worldwide.
17. The man ________ you were talking to is my brother.
18. Is there a shop nearby ________ sells organic vegetables?
19. The book ________ I lost was my favorite novel.
20. She has a cat ________ follows her everywhere.

Đáp án:

1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
2. She has a friend who speaks five languages fluently.
3. The car that broke down yesterday has been repaired.
4. This is the house that we used to live in.
5. The movie that we watched last night was fantastic.
6. He met a woman whose dog had won a national competition.
7. The restaurant that serves Italian food is just around the corner.
8. The person whom I met at the party was very friendly.
9. The hotel where we stayed was very comfortable.
10. Do you know anyone who can fix computers?
11. This is the reason why I couldn’t come to the meeting.
12. The girl whose bag was stolen reported it to the police.
13. I visited the museum which/that exhibits ancient artifacts.
14. The professor whose lectures are always informative is retiring next year.
15. The team that won the championship celebrated all night.
16. This is the company whose products are known worldwide.
17. The man whom you were talking to is my brother.
18. Is there a shop nearby that sells organic vegetables?
19. The book that I lost was my favorite novel.
20. She has a cat that follows her everywhere.

Đọc thêm: Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nguyên nhân, điều kiện và đối lập.