Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (adverbial clauses) là những mệnh đề phụ được sử dụng để cung cấp thông tin về hoàn cảnh hoặc điều kiện của hành động được nêu trong mệnh đề chính. Để sử dụng mệnh đề trạng ngữ trong các câu phức tạp trong tiếng Anh một cách hiệu quả, bạn có thể áp dụng các nguyên tắc sau:

Lý thuyết Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nâng cao

1. Xác định Mục Đích: Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thường làm rõ thời gian, lý do, điều kiện, kết quả, hoặc cách thức của hành động chính. Ví dụ:
   • Thời gian: “She left the office when the clock struck five.”
   • Lý do: “He went home because he was feeling sick.”
   • Điều kiện: “If it rains tomorrow, we’ll cancel the picnic.”
   • Kết quả: “He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.”
   • Cách thức: “She spoke softly so that no one else could hear her.”
2. Sử Dụng Các Liên Từ Phụ: Các liên từ phụ (subordinating conjunctions) là công cụ chính để kết nối mệnh đề trạng ngữ với mệnh đề chính. Các liên từ phổ biến bao gồm: “because,” “if,” “when,” “although,” “since,” “unless,” “while,” và “as soon as.” Ví dụ:
   • “Although it was raining, they decided to go for a hike.”
3. Sắp Xếp Câu: Mệnh đề trạng ngữ có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Khi mệnh đề trạng ngữ đứng trước, thường cần có dấu phẩy để tách biệt. Ví dụ:
   • “When the meeting was over, the team went for dinner.”
   • “The team went for dinner when the meeting was over.”
4. Đảm Bảo Tính Rõ Ràng: Đảm bảo rằng mệnh đề trạng ngữ làm rõ và bổ sung cho ý nghĩa của mệnh đề chính mà không gây nhầm lẫn. Tránh sử dụng mệnh đề trạng ngữ quá phức tạp hoặc dài dòng nếu không cần thiết.
5. Thực Hành Với Các Loại Mệnh Đề Trạng Ngữ:
   • Mệnh đề thời gian (time): “I’ll call you after I arrive.”
   • Mệnh đề điều kiện (condition): “You can borrow my book if you return it on time.”
   • Mệnh đề nguyên nhân (cause): “She was late because she missed the bus.”
   • Mệnh đề kết quả (result): “It was so noisy that I couldn’t concentrate.”
   • Mệnh đề nhượng bộ (concession): “Although he is young, he is very experienced.”

Bài tập

1. She stayed at home __________ it was raining heavily.
2. __________ we finish our project, we can start a new one.
3. He will call you __________ he arrives at the airport.
4. __________ I was tired, I decided to go for a walk.
5. They didn’t come to the party __________ they were feeling unwell.
6. __________ it was a tough exam, she managed to pass with flying colors.
7. She brought an umbrella __________ it might rain later.
8. __________ he was not feeling well, he attended the meeting.
9. I will buy a new car __________ I save enough money.
10. __________ the storm was severe, the town was not affected much.
11. He reads books __________ he has free time.
12. She didn’t understand the lecture __________ it was too technical.
13. __________ he practiced hard, he didn’t win the competition.
14. You should call him __________ you find out any information.
15. __________ the kids were loud, their parents didn’t scold them.
16. I will finish my homework __________ dinner time.
17. __________ the project was challenging, they completed it successfully.
18. He stayed up late __________ he needed to finish his assignment.
19. __________ they were hungry, they waited patiently for their food.
20. She will visit her grandparents __________ she has a free weekend.
21. __________ it was dark outside, she felt safe walking home.
22. He couldn’t go to the concert __________ he had to work late.
23. __________ you finish the report, please review it for errors.
24. I went to bed early __________ I could wake up refreshed.
25. __________ the class was difficult, he managed to pass with a good grade.
26. She sings loudly __________ she is in the shower.
27. __________ you study hard, you will not pass the exam.
28. They decided to leave early __________ they could avoid traffic.
29. __________ the meeting was long, it was productive.
30. He was not interested in the movie __________ it had great reviews.
31. __________ they missed the bus, they arrived at the meeting on time.
32. She will join the team __________ she completes her current project.
33. __________ I am on vacation, I will check my emails less frequently.
34. He apologized __________ he realized he was wrong.
35. __________ the instructions were clear, he made several mistakes.
36. They went to the beach __________ the weather was perfect.
37. __________ she finished her presentation, she felt relieved.
38. I will start cooking __________ the guests arrive.
39. __________ the film was boring, he stayed until the end.
40. He took the day off __________ he needed to rest.
41. __________ it was noisy outside, she slept soundly.
42. They chose to walk __________ it was a short distance.
43. __________ you need any help, just let me know.
44. She was late __________ she missed her bus.
45. __________ the dinner was delicious, everyone enjoyed the meal.
46. He practiced every day __________ he could improve his skills.
47. __________ it was his birthday, he didn’t receive any gifts.
48. She won’t attend the meeting __________ she finishes her work.
49. __________ they were in a rush, they forgot their tickets.
50. I will get a promotion __________ I work hard.
51. __________ the game was exciting, they didn’t win.
52. He stayed home __________ he wasn’t feeling well.
53. __________ she tried her best, she couldn’t solve the problem.
54. They went shopping __________ they needed new clothes.
55. __________ the traffic was heavy, they arrived on time.
56. I will call you __________ I arrive at my destination.
57. __________ the news was shocking, they remained calm.
58. She danced gracefully __________ everyone was watching.
59. __________ they planned the trip well, they encountered several issues.
60. He will finish the report __________ the deadline is approaching.
61. __________ she had a lot of work, she managed to complete it all.
62. They decided to stay home __________ it was too cold outside.
63. __________ he didn’t have the money, he still bought the gift.
64. I will help you __________ you ask for it.
65. __________ the cake was delicious, he didn’t want a second slice.
66. She waited patiently __________ her turn came.
67. __________ the weather was sunny, they decided to stay indoors.
68. He arrived early __________ he could get a good seat.
69. __________ the movie was long, it was entertaining.
70. They missed their flight __________ they left home late.
71. I will write a report __________ I have all the data.
72. __________ the restaurant was crowded, they got a table quickly.
73. She felt nervous __________ she had to speak in public.
74. They left the party early __________ they were feeling tired.
75. __________ the assignment was challenging, he enjoyed working on it.
76. He went to the gym __________ he could stay fit.
77. __________ she felt sick, she went to work.
78. They watched the movie __________ they had finished dinner.
79. I will start the project __________ I have the necessary resources.
80. __________ it was her first time, she did an excellent job.
81. He studied hard __________ he could pass the exam.
82. __________ the car was old, it still ran well.
83. She smiled __________ she was happy to see her friend.
84. __________ the weather was bad, they continued their hike.
85. He left the house early __________ he could avoid the traffic jam.
86. __________ she didn’t like the food, she ate it anyway.
87. They visited the museum __________ it was a rainy day.
88. I will finish reading the book __________ I go to bed.
89. __________ he had the experience, he wasn’t hired for the job.
90. She practiced every day __________ she could perform well.
91. They stayed at the hotel __________ they had a comfortable room.
92. __________ he knew the answer, he didn’t speak up.
93. She finished her work __________ the deadline was near.
94. __________ it was a holiday, the office was open.
95. He will call you __________ he arrives at the meeting.
96. __________ the room was cold, they didn’t turn on the heater.
97. They decided to go hiking __________ it was a sunny day.
98. I will email you __________ I get more information.
99. __________ the task was difficult, he managed to complete it.
100. She felt relieved __________ the test was over.

Đáp án

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