Trạng từ (adverb) thường được sử dụng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ, hoặc một trạng từ khác. Trong tiếng Anh, một số tính từ có thể được chuyển đổi thành trạng từ bằng cách thêm hậu tố “-ly” vào cuối tính từ. Tuy nhiên, quá trình này có một số quy tắc và ngoại lệ mà bạn cần lưu ý.

1. Quy tắc cơ bản:

• Thêm “-ly” vào cuối tính từ:
  • Tính từ: quick → Trạng từ: quickly
  • Tính từ: happy → Trạng từ: happily
  • Tính từ: slow → Trạng từ: slowly
  • Tính từ: careful → Trạng từ: carefully

2. Quy tắc đặc biệt:

• Tính từ kết thúc bằng “-y”:
  • Đổi “-y” thành “-i” rồi thêm “-ly”:
    • Tính từ: easy → Trạng từ: easily
    • Tính từ: angry → Trạng từ: angrily
• Tính từ kết thúc bằng “-le”:
  • Đổi “-le” thành “-ly”:
    • Tính từ: probable → Trạng từ: probably
    • Tính từ: gentle → Trạng từ: gently
• Tính từ kết thúc bằng “-ic”:
  • Thêm “-ally”:
    • Tính từ: basic → Trạng từ: basically
    • Tính từ: tragic → Trạng từ: tragically

3. Một số ngoại lệ không theo quy tắc thêm “-ly”:

• Good (tốt) → Well (tốt, giỏi)
• Fast (nhanh) → Fast (nhanh, dùng như trạng từ)
• Hard (khó, cứng) → Hard (chăm chỉ, dùng như trạng từ)

4. Sử dụng trạng từ trong các cấu trúc phức tạp:

Trạng từ thường được sử dụng trong các câu phức tạp để bổ nghĩa cho động từ hoặc để diễn tả cách thức, thời gian, tần suất, mức độ, hoặc nơi chốn của hành động.

Ví dụ:

• She sings beautifully.
  • (Cô ấy hát rất hay.) → Trạng từ beautifully bổ nghĩa cho động từ sings.
• He quickly ran out of the room.
  • (Anh ấy chạy nhanh ra khỏi phòng.) → Trạng từ quickly bổ nghĩa cho động từ ran.
• They have always been extremely helpful.
  • (Họ luôn rất hữu ích.) → Trạng từ always bổ nghĩa cho động từ have been, và trạng từ extremely bổ nghĩa cho tính từ helpful.

5. Lưu ý khi sử dụng trạng từ:

• Trạng từ có thể xuất hiện ở nhiều vị trí khác nhau trong câu, tùy thuộc vào loại trạng từ (cách thức, thời gian, tần suất, mức độ,…).
• Tránh lặp lại trạng từ nếu không cần thiết, vì nó có thể làm cho câu trở nên rườm rà.

Bài tập

1. She sings very ___.
2. He completed the task ___.
3. They worked ___ on the project.
4. The cat moved ___ through the room.
5. She speaks ___ English.
6. He answered the questions ___.
7. The baby slept ___ through the night.
8. They were ___ with the results.
9. He solved the problem ___.
10. The new policy was implemented ___.
11. She danced ___ at the party.
12. The team performed ___ in the competition.
13. The room was ___ and welcoming.
14. He arrived ___ for the meeting.
15. The cake tasted ___.
16. She looked at me ___.
17. The machine operates ___.
18. They discussed the issue ___.
19. The teacher explained the lesson ___.
20. He wrote the report ___.
21. The weather was ___ for a picnic.
22. The new restaurant is ___ in town.
23. She felt ___ before the presentation.
24. The instructions were ___.
25. He handled the situation ___.
26. The movie was ___ and engaging.
27. The children played ___ in the park.
28. She spoke ___ and reassuringly.
29. The car was ___ on the highway.
30. He responded to the email ___.
31. The team worked ___ on the project.
32. The room was ___ and cozy.
33. The students studied ___ for the exams.
34. She looked ___ in her dress.
35. The report was ___ and detailed.
36. The news spread ___ through the office.
37. The food was ___ and flavorful.
38. He handled the argument ___.
39. The book was ___ and informative.
40. The children behaved ___ during the trip.
41. She worked ___ on the project.
42. The weather was ___ yesterday.
43. He spoke ___ about his work.
44. The garden looks ___ in the spring.
45. The teacher explained the concept ___.
46. She completed the task ___.
47. The instructions were ___ to follow.
48. The hotel was ___ and clean.
49. He solved the problem ___.
50. The movie was ___ and suspenseful.
51. The concert was ___ and exciting.
52. She answered the questions ___.
53. The house was ___ and tidy.
54. The book was ___ and engaging.
55. He answered the phone ___.
56. The chef cooked the meal ___.
57. The event was ___ and well-attended.
58. The baby smiled ___.
59. The teacher’s explanation was ___ and clear.
60. The project was completed ___.
61. The new software is ___ and efficient.
62. He worked ___ to achieve his goals.
63. The street was ___ during rush hour.
64. She spoke ___ during her speech.
65. The weather was ___ and sunny today.
66. The book was ___ and well-written.
67. He reacted ___ to the bad news.
68. The car was ___ and fast.
69. The instructions were ___ and easy to follow.
70. She looked ___ after the long journey.
71. The new restaurant serves ___ food.
72. The team worked ___ on the task.
73. The movie was ___ and enjoyable.
74. The child behaved ___ at the party.
75. The project was ___ but rewarding.
76. She spoke ___ so everyone could hear.
77. The book was ___ and deep.
78. The office was ___ and organized.
79. He completed the assignment ___.
80. The weather was ___ last night.
81. She looked ___ in her new dress.
82. The food at the restaurant was ___ and fresh.
83. The teacher’s feedback was ___ and helpful.
84. The new software is ___ and reliable.
85. The kids played ___ in the park.
86. The house was ___ and well-lit.
87. She completed the exam ___.
88. The seminar was ___ and engaging.
89. The project was ___ but manageable.
90. The report was ___ and clear.
91. He spoke ___ about his decision.
92. The concert was ___ and memorable.
93. The book was ___ and hard to read.
94. She completed the work ___ and on time.
95. The office was ___ and peaceful.
96. The weather was ___ and warm.
97. He answered the questions ___.
98. The garden was ___ and vibrant.
99. The movie was ___ and not worth watching.
100. She spoke ___ during the presentation.

Đáp án

1. beautifully
2. quickly
3. hard
4. quietly
5. fluent
6. correctly
7. peacefully
8. happy
9. easily
10. smoothly
11. gracefully
12. well
13. bright
14. late
15. delicious
16. surprised
17. efficiently
18. seriously
19. clearly
20. carefully
21. pleasant
22. popular
23. nervous
24. confusing
25. skillfully
26. entertaining
27. happily
28. softly
29. fast
30. promptly
31. effectively
32. comfortable
33. diligently
34. beautiful
35. thorough
36. quickly
37. spicy
38. diplomatically
39. interesting
40. well
41. efficiently
42. cold
43. passionately
44. beautiful
45. simply
46. quickly
47. complicated
48. comfortable
49. intelligently
50. thrilling
51. loud
52. confidently
53. neat
54. well-written
55. politely
56. skillfully
57. successful
58. happily
59. helpful
60. on time
61. user-friendly
62. hard
63. crowded
64. eloquently
65. warm
66. engrossing
67. calmly
68. luxurious
69. clear
70. tired
71. delicious
72. efficiently
73. entertaining
74. well
75. challenging
76. loudly
77. thought-provoking
78. clean
79. accurately
80. stormy
81. elegant
82. tasty
83. constructive
84. efficient
85. joyfully
86. spacious
87. carefully
88. informative
89. complex
90. well-organized
91. firmly
92. amazing
93. dull
94. efficiently
95. quiet
96. sunny
97. thoughtfully
98. colorful
99. disappointing
100. clearly