“be” có thể được sử dụng trong các câu giả định để diễn tả những tình huống không thực tế hoặc hư cấu.

Lý thuyết sử dụng “be”

1. Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Hypothetical Present):
   • Được sử dụng để nói về tình huống không thực tế trong hiện tại.
   • Cấu trúc: If + S + were + (to) V, S + would + V.
   • Ví dụ: If I were you, I would take that job. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ nhận công việc đó.)
2. Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Hypothetical Past):
   • Được sử dụng để nói về tình huống không thực tế trong quá khứ.
   • Cấu trúc: If + S + had + been + (to) V, S + would have + V.
   • Ví dụ: If he had been more careful, he wouldn’t have made that mistake. (Nếu anh ấy cẩn thận hơn, anh ấy đã không mắc lỗi đó.)
3. Câu điều kiện loại 1 (Real Present or Future with Hypothetical Result):
   • Mặc dù ít dùng, “be” cũng có thể xuất hiện trong các câu điều kiện loại 1 khi mô tả các kết quả giả định dựa trên các điều kiện thực tế.
   • Cấu trúc: If + S + be + (to) V, S + will + V.
   • Ví dụ: If she is at the party, she will see him. (Nếu cô ấy ở bữa tiệc, cô ấy sẽ gặp anh ấy.)
4. Sử dụng trong câu giả định không có “if”:
   • Đôi khi, chúng ta có thể sử dụng các cấu trúc như “Were it not for…” hoặc “Had it not been for…” để thay thế “if” trong câu điều kiện.
   • Ví dụ: Were it not for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded. (Nếu không có sự giúp đỡ của bạn, tôi đã không thành công.)

Bài tập

1. If she _____ here, she would help us.
2. If I _____ about the meeting, I would have attended.
3. If they _____ harder, they will pass the exam.
4. If you _____ me, I could give you some advice.
5. Had I _____ aware of the issue, I would have taken action.
6. If we _____ earlier, we would not be stuck in traffic.
7. If he _____ Spanish, he would have understood the instructions.
8. Were it not for the rain, we _____ hiking.
9. If I _____ you at the party, I would have said hello.
10. If she _____ harder last year, she would have graduated by now.
11. Had they _____ about the change, they would have adjusted their plans.
12. If you _____ healthier, you would feel better.
13. If they _____ the project on time, they would have received a bonus.
14. Were he to offer his help, I _____ it.
15. If we _____ a car, we could drive to the beach.
16. If she _____ her umbrella, she wouldn’t be soaked.
17. Had I _____ you, I would have taken the opportunity.
18. If you _____ the piano more, you would improve your skills.
19. If they _____ earlier, they would have seen the beginning of the show.
20. If he _____ the job offer, he would be working in New York now.
21. If it _____ warmer, we could have a picnic.
22. If I _____ it was your birthday, I would have bought a gift.
23. Had they _____ the trip better, they would have visited more places.
24. If she _____ me about her problem, I could help her.
25. If we _____ more careful, we would have avoided the accident.
26. Were they to invite me, I _____ to the wedding.
27. If he _____ here now, he would help us with this task.
28. If you _____ last night, you would be ready for the test today.
29. Had we _____ about the traffic jam, we would have taken a different route.
30. If I _____ more free time, I would learn to play the guitar.
31. If they _____ more organized, they would have finished the project already.
32. If she _____ earlier, we could have discussed the issue.
33. Were I _____ in your position, I would consider a different approach.
34. If you _____ to bring the tickets, we could go to the concert.
35. If he _____ on time, he would not have missed the meeting.
36. If they _____ for directions, they wouldn’t have gotten lost.
37. Had she _____ about the event, she would have attended.
38. If we _____ stuck in traffic, we would have been on time.
39. If he _____ more diligent, he would have completed the assignment.
40. If I _____ the instructions, I would have finished the task.
41. If they _____ the manual, they would have fixed the issue themselves.
42. Were it not for the delay, we _____ earlier.
43. If she _____ the opportunity, she would have advanced in her career.
44. If you _____ more patient, the project would have been completed successfully.
45. If I _____ your contact information, I could reach out to you.
46. Had he _____ for help, he would have completed the work on time.
47. If we _____ the restaurant was closed, we wouldn’t have gone there.
48. If she _____ to the meeting, we could have discussed the proposal.
49. If they _____ aware of the deadline, they would have finished the report.
50. If he _____ here earlier, he would have seen the presentation.
51. Were you _____ more attentive, you would have noticed the mistake.
52. If I _____ my appointment, I would have met with the client.
53. If they _____ to the advice, they wouldn’t have encountered these problems.
54. If she _____ better, she would have passed the exam.
55. Had I _____ the issue was so serious, I would have addressed it sooner.
56. If we _____ a different route, we would have avoided the traffic.
57. If he _____ for feedback, he could have improved his performance.
58. Were they to take the offer, they _____ to a new city.
59. If you _____ me earlier, I would have arranged something different.
60. If I _____ the sign, I would have stopped.
61. If she _____ about the change in plans, she would have adjusted her schedule.
62. Had they _____ more prepared, they would have handled the situation better.
63. If we _____ the tickets, we could have attended the event.
64. If he _____ more careful with his investments, he wouldn’t have lost money.
65. If she _____ earlier, she could have met with the team.
66. Were it not for your suggestion, I _____ that idea.
67. If they _____ the form, they would have received their refund.
68. If I _____ it was your anniversary, I would have congratulated you.
69. Had I _____ more decisive, I would have finished the project by now.
70. If you _____ the weather forecast, you would have brought an umbrella.
71. If they _____ the presentation, they would have delivered it successfully.
72. Were she to accept the offer, she _____ her new job next week.
73. If I _____ the problem better, I would have solved it more quickly.
74. If we _____ on time, we would have seen the entire performance.
75. If you _____ for assistance, you wouldn’t have struggled so much.
76. If he _____ more attentive, he would have noticed the error.
77. Had they _____ the rules, they would have followed them.
78. If she _____ to bring her ID, she would have been admitted to the event.
79. If we _____ sooner, we wouldn’t have been late.
80. If they _____ the earlier flight, they would have arrived by now.
81. Were he _____ more organized, he would have completed the task on time.
82. If I _____ your message, I would have responded immediately.
83. Had I _____ of the issue, I would have acted differently.
84. If you _____ the instructions carefully, you would have assembled it correctly.
85. If they _____ more diligent, they would have avoided the mistake.
86. Were they to offer me the position, I _____ it.
87. If she _____ more experience, she could handle the job better.
88. If I _____ you, I would reconsider my decision.
89. If he _____ the site earlier, he would have seen the changes.
90. If we _____ about the deadline, we would have worked harder.
91. Had they _____ informed, they would have prepared accordingly.
92. If you _____ the time to review, you would have noticed the errors.
93. If she _____ her schedule, she wouldn’t have missed the appointment.
94. Were they _____ of the importance, they would have acted differently.
95. If I _____ more information, I would make a better decision.
96. If they _____ the terms, they wouldn’t have agreed to them.
97. If you _____ the consequences, you would have acted differently.
98. Had we _____ the restaurant was busy, we would have made a reservation.
99. If she _____ the meeting, she could have contributed her ideas.
100. If he _____ the advice, he wouldn’t have made that mistake.

Đáp án

1. were
2. known
3. studied
4. had asked
5. been
6. left
7. spoken
8. would go
9. had seen
10. studied
11. known
12. eaten
13. finished
14. would accept
15. had
16. not forgotten
17. been
18. practiced
19. arrived
20. accepted
21. were
22. had known
23. planned
24. told
25. been
26. would go
27. were
28. studied
29. known
30. had
31. been
32. called
33. were
34. remembered
35. had arrived
36. asked
37. known
38. had not been
39. been
40. understood
41. read
42. would have arrived
43. would have taken
44. had been
45. had
46. asked
47. known
48. come
49. been
50. been
51. were
52. not forgotten
53. listened
54. prepared
55. known
56. chosen
57. asked
58. would move
59. had told
60. had seen
61. known
62. been
63. not forgotten
64. arrived
65. would not have considered
66. completed
67. would have congratulated
68. been
69. checked
70. prepared
71. would start
72. understood
73. had been
74. had asked
75. been
76. known
77. not forgotten
78. left
79. taken
80. been
81. had received
82. been aware
83. had read
84. been
85. would accept
86. had
87. were
88. had visited
89. known
90. been
91. had taken
92. checked
93. been aware
94. had
95. read
96. understood
97. known
98. had attended
99. followed
100. had followed