Cụm danh từ bị động (passive noun phrases) là các cụm từ trong đó danh từ chính của cụm được sử dụng trong cấu trúc bị động. Cụm danh từ bị động thường được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh kết quả hoặc tình trạng của một hành động, thay vì người thực hiện hành động đó.

1. Cấu trúc cơ bản

Cấu trúc của cụm danh từ bị động thường là:

• Danh từ + being + phân từ quá khứ

Ví dụ:

• “The book being read by the students is very interesting.”
  • Danh từ chính: The book
  • Cụm danh từ bị động: being read by the students

2. Cách sử dụng cụm danh từ bị động

• Để nhấn mạnh đối tượng của hành động: Sử dụng cụm danh từ bị động khi bạn muốn nhấn mạnh đối tượng (danh từ) hơn là người thực hiện hành động.
  Ví dụ:
  • “The project being discussed in the meeting is crucial for the company.”
    • Danh từ chính: The project
    • Cụm danh từ bị động: being discussed in the meeting
• Khi không cần hoặc không muốn đề cập đến người thực hiện hành động: Cụm danh từ bị động giúp tập trung vào đối tượng bị tác động mà không cần nêu rõ người thực hiện hành động.
  Ví dụ:
  • “The new policy being implemented aims to improve efficiency.”
    • Danh từ chính: The new policy
    • Cụm danh từ bị động: being implemented
• Để cung cấp thêm thông tin về danh từ: Cụm danh từ bị động có thể được sử dụng để cung cấp thông tin bổ sung về một danh từ trong câu.
  Ví dụ:
  • “The building being renovated will house the new office.”
    • Danh từ chính: The building
    • Cụm danh từ bị động: being renovated

3. Ví dụ cụ thể

• “The report being prepared by the team is due next week.”
  • Danh từ chính: The report
  • Cụm danh từ bị động: being prepared by the team
• “The letter being sent to the clients contains important information.”
  • Danh từ chính: The letter
  • Cụm danh từ bị động: being sent to the clients
• “The car being fixed at the garage should be ready by tomorrow.”
  • Danh từ chính: The car
  • Cụm danh từ bị động: being fixed at the garage

4. Cấu trúc nâng cao

• Danh từ + having been + phân từ quá khứ: Để chỉ một hành động đã hoàn tất trước khi một hành động khác xảy ra.
  Ví dụ:
  • “The contract having been signed was then sent to the office.”
    • Danh từ chính: The contract
    • Cụm danh từ bị động: having been signed
• Danh từ + being + phân từ quá khứ + for/by: Để chỉ mục đích hoặc tác nhân thực hiện hành động.
  Ví dụ:
  • “The research paper being reviewed by the committee will be published soon.”
    • Danh từ chính: The research paper
    • Cụm danh từ bị động: being reviewed by the committee

Bài tập

1. The report ______ is due next Monday.
2. The house ______ is on sale.
3. The documents ______ were sent yesterday.
4. The movie ______ was a huge success.
5. The car ______ is being repaired.
6. The letter ______ needs to be signed.
7. The painting ______ was sold at auction.
8. The project ______ is behind schedule.
9. The new policy ______ is being reviewed.
10. The book ______ is being translated into French.
11. The email ______ was read by all the staff.
12. The application ______ was accepted last week.
13. The song ______ was performed at the concert.
14. The plan ______ is being implemented next month.
15. The proposal ______ needs to be revised.
16. The patient ______ was discharged yesterday.
17. The essay ______ is being graded by the professor.
18. The building ______ was designed by a famous architect.
19. The case ______ was closed due to lack of evidence.
20. The contract ______ should be finalized soon.
21. The decision ______ is expected next week.
22. The play ______ will be staged at the local theater.
23. The project ______ was completed ahead of time.
24. The car ______ was damaged in the accident.
25. The course ______ is offered every semester.
26. The email ______ was deleted by mistake.
27. The bridge ______ was opened last year.
28. The book ______ is being sold out in bookstores.
29. The advertisement ______ was broadcasted last night.
30. The ticket ______ is valid for a month.
31. The meeting ______ will be held at 3 PM.
32. The study ______ was published in a scientific journal.
33. The package ______ was delivered to the wrong address.
34. The software ______ was upgraded to the latest version.
35. The gift ______ was given to her by her friend.
36. The house ______ will be painted next week.
37. The document ______ needs to be reviewed carefully.
38. The report ______ was submitted on time.
39. The policy ______ will be discussed in the next meeting.
40. The project ______ is being managed by the new team.
41. The book ______ was written by a well-known author.
42. The contract ______ has not yet been signed.
43. The workshop ______ will be conducted online.
44. The app ______ is being developed for mobile devices.
45. The test ______ is scheduled for next Friday.
46. The package ______ was lost during shipping.
47. The movie ______ was directed by a famous filmmaker.
48. The conference ______ will take place next month.
49. The product ______ is available in several colors.
50. The contract ______ was reviewed by the legal team.
51. The seminar ______ was attended by many professionals.
52. The house ______ is under construction.
53. The letter ______ needs to be delivered immediately.
54. The car ______ was parked outside the office.
55. The software ______ was tested thoroughly before release.
56. The event ______ was postponed due to bad weather.
57. The proposal ______ is under consideration.
58. The exhibition ______ was held at the city gallery.
59. The test ______ was difficult for the students.
60. The solution ______ was found after hours of research.
61. The proposal ______ needs further discussion.
62. The film ______ was shown at several international festivals.
63. The recipe ______ was shared in the cooking class.
64. The house ______ was sold for a high price.
65. The video ______ is available on the company website.
66. The presentation ______ was well-received by the audience.
67. The book ______ will be available next month.
68. The plan ______ was approved by the board.
69. The software ______ was designed to improve performance.
70. The team ______ will start working on the new project soon.
71. The news ______ was reported on all major channels.
72. The form ______ needs to be completed by Friday.
73. The issue ______ was resolved after the meeting.
74. The restaurant ______ has a wide variety of dishes.
75. The course ______ will be offered online this semester.
76. The product ______ is being tested for quality assurance.
77. The painting ______ was created by a local artist.
78. The meeting ______ was rescheduled for next week.
79. The seminar ______ is scheduled for this weekend.
80. The application ______ is still under review.
81. The report ______ was discussed in the board meeting.
82. The event ______ is expected to attract many visitors.
83. The project ______ will be completed on schedule.
84. The car ______ needs to be serviced soon.
85. The document ______ was signed yesterday.
86. The assignment ______ is due next Monday.
87. The ticket ______ was purchased online.
88. The app ______ was updated with new features.
89. The policy ______ will be implemented next quarter.
90. The service ______ is available 24/7.
91. The test ______ was administered last week.
92. The email ______ was marked as important.
93. The course ______ is very popular among students.
94. The house ______ is located in a prime area.
95. The presentation ______ was given at the conference.
96. The package ______ is expected to arrive today.
97. The proposal ______ needs approval from the manager.
98. The product ______ was launched last month.
99. The video ______ was uploaded to the website.
100. The form ______ needs to be submitted by Friday.

Đáp án

1. being prepared by the team
2. which is on sale
3. which were sent yesterday
4. which was a huge success
5. which is being repaired
6. which needs to be signed
7. which was sold at auction
8. which is behind schedule
9. which is being reviewed
10. which is being translated into French
11. which was read by all the staff
12. which was accepted last week
13. which was performed at the concert
14. which is being implemented next month
15. which needs to be revised
16. who was discharged yesterday
17. which is being graded by the professor
18. which was designed by a famous architect
19. which was closed due to lack of evidence
20. which should be finalized soon
21. which is expected next week
22. which will be staged at the local theater
23. which was completed ahead of time
24. which was damaged in the accident
25. which is offered every semester
26. which was deleted by mistake
27. which was opened last year
28. which is being sold out in bookstores
29. which was broadcasted last night
30. which is valid for a month
31. which will be held at 3 PM
32. which was published in a scientific journal
33. which was delivered to the wrong address
34. which was upgraded to the latest version
35. which was given to her by her friend
36. which will be painted next week
37. which needs to be reviewed carefully
38. which was submitted on time
39. which will be discussed in the next meeting
40. which is being managed by the new team
41. which was written by a well-known author
42. which has not yet been signed
43. which will be conducted online
44. which is being developed for mobile devices
45. which is scheduled for next Friday
46. which was lost during shipping
47. which was directed by a famous filmmaker
48. which will take place next month
49. which is available in several colors
50. which was reviewed by the legal team
51. which was attended by many professionals
52. which is under construction
53. which needs to be delivered immediately
54. which was parked outside the office
55. which was tested thoroughly before release
56. which was postponed due to bad weather
57. which is under consideration
58. which was held at the city gallery
59. which was difficult for the students
60. which was found after hours of research
61. which needs further discussion
62. which was shown at several international festivals
63. which was shared in the cooking class
64. which was sold for a high price
65. which is available on the company website
66. which was well-received by the audience
67. which will be available next month
68. which was approved by the board
69. which was designed to improve performance
70. which will start working on the new project soon
71. which was reported on all major channels
72. which needs to be completed by Friday
73. which was resolved after the meeting
74. which has a wide variety of dishes
75. which will be offered online this semester
76. which is being tested for quality assurance
77. which was created by a local artist
78. which was rescheduled for next week
79. which is scheduled for this weekend
80. which is still under review
81. which was discussed in the board meeting
82. which is expected to attract many visitors
83. which will be completed on schedule
84. which needs to be serviced soon
85. which was signed yesterday
86. which is due next Monday
87. which was purchased online
88. which was updated with new features
89. which will be implemented next quarter
90. which is available 24/7
91. which was administered last week
92. which was marked as important
93. which is very popular among students
94. which is located in a prime area
95. which was given at the conference
96. which is expected to arrive today
97. which needs approval from the manager
98. which was launched last month
99. which was uploaded to the website
100. which needs to be submitted by Friday