Cụm động từ chỉ trạng thái (stative verbs) trong tiếng Anh thường được sử dụng để diễn tả các tình trạng, cảm xúc, và sự tồn tại, thay vì hành động hoặc quá trình. Những cụm động từ này thường không được dùng trong thì tiếp diễn (continuous tense) vì chúng mô tả các trạng thái cố định hoặc lâu dài.

1. Danh Sách Các Cụm Động Từ Chỉ Trạng Thái

• Cảm xúc và cảm giác:
  • Love (yêu): I love this song.
  • Hate (ghét): She hates waiting in long lines.
  • Prefer (thích hơn): He prefers coffee to tea.
  • Like (thích): They like the new restaurant.
  • Dislike (không thích): She dislikes noisy environments.
• Nhận thức và tri thức:
  • Know (biết): I know the answer.
  • Understand (hiểu): Do you understand the instructions?
  • Believe (tin tưởng): She believes in hard work.
• Sở hữu và quan hệ:
  • Have (có): We have a beautiful garden.
  • Own (sở hữu): They own a house in the countryside.
  • Belong (thuộc về): The book belongs to John.
• Tình trạng và sự tồn tại:
  • Be (là, ở): She is a teacher. / They are at home.
  • Seem (có vẻ như): It seems that they are happy.
  • Appear (xuất hiện, có vẻ): He appears to be tired.
• Các cảm giác và quan điểm khác:
  • Remember (nhớ): I remember your birthday.
  • Forget (quên): Did you forget her name?
  • Recollect (hồi tưởng): I recollect meeting him before.

2. Cấu Trúc Câu

• Câu khẳng định:
  • S + stative verb + O
  • Ví dụ: She loves chocolate. / They know the answer.
• Câu phủ định:
  • S + stative verb + not + O
  • Ví dụ: He doesn’t believe in luck. / We don’t own a car.
• Câu hỏi:
  • Do/Does + S + stative verb + O?
  • Ví dụ: Do you like this movie? / Does she understand the problem?

3. Lưu Ý Khi Sử Dụng

• Thì tiếp diễn: Cụm động từ chỉ trạng thái không thường được sử dụng trong thì tiếp diễn (present continuous, past continuous) vì chúng không diễn tả hành động liên tục mà là trạng thái cố định.
  • Sai: I am knowing the answer.
  • Đúng: I know the answer.
• Thì hoàn thành: Bạn có thể sử dụng cụm động từ chỉ trạng thái trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành để diễn tả trạng thái đã bắt đầu và kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
  • Ví dụ: I have known her for years. / They had owned the house for a decade before selling it.

Bài tập

1. She __________ to read mystery novels.
2. They __________ the answer to the question.
3. He __________ in ghosts.
4. We __________ tea to coffee.
5. She __________ the instructions very well.
6. I __________ a cat and a dog.
7. The book __________ to my sister.
8. He __________ waiting in long lines.
9. They __________ the new restaurant.
10. The house __________ by my grandparents.
11. I __________ where I put my keys.
12. She __________ loud music.
13. They __________ excited about the trip.
14. He __________ to be very tired.
15. We __________ that she is a talented musician.
16. She __________ to stay at home rather than go out.
17. He __________ that hard work pays off.
18. I __________ your concerns.
19. They __________ a beautiful garden.
20. She __________ a vintage car.
21. The painting __________ to the museum.
22. He __________ playing the piano.
23. We __________ the new policy.
24. She __________ meeting him before.
25. The car __________ to be broken.
26. He __________ quite confident in the meeting.
27. They __________ how to solve the problem.
28. She __________ reading to watching TV.
29. I __________ a lot of work to do.
30. The book __________ to the library.
31. She __________ the importance of the project.
32. He __________ in the power of positive thinking.
33. They __________ the changes made to the design.
34. We __________ the food at that restaurant.
35. She __________ every detail of the event.
36. The dog __________ to be happy.
37. He __________ to be lost in thought.
38. I __________ that she is an excellent cook.
39. They __________ traveling by train.
40. She __________ spending time with her family.
41. The keys __________ to the old desk.
42. He __________ the rules of the game.
43. They __________ the importance of education.
44. I __________ several appointments today.
45. She __________ the new office layout.
46. The house __________ by the Smith family.
47. He __________ where he parked the car.
48. They __________ to have enjoyed the concert.
49. She __________ nervous about the interview.
50. The book __________ to my father.
51. He __________ the new movie he watched.
52. They __________ how to fix the problem.
53. She __________ a quiet environment to work.
54. I __________ that we can succeed.
55. The painting __________ by a famous artist.
56. He __________ the way the project was handled.
57. They __________ the challenge ahead.
58. The car __________ to my cousin.
59. She __________ her childhood memories vividly.
60. He __________ interested in the proposal.
61. They __________ to be pleased with the results.
62. I __________ she would appreciate your help.
63. She __________ the book she is reading.
64. The house __________ by a wealthy businessman.
65. He __________ the situation perfectly.
66. They __________ the value of teamwork.
67. She __________ a strong coffee in the morning.
68. The keys __________ to the front door.
69. He __________ going to crowded places.
70. They __________ happy with their new home.
71. She __________ excited about the vacation.
72. I __________ a lot of plans for the weekend.
73. The car __________ by my neighbor.
74. He __________ to call his friend.
75. They __________ the concept clearly.
76. She __________ her new job.
77. The book __________ to the school library.
78. He __________ to work alone.
79. They __________ that they can win the game.
80. She __________ having her picture taken.
81. The house __________ to be very old.
82. He __________ to be in good health.
83. I __________ he is an honest person.
84. They __________ the new design of the website.
85. She __________ to bring her documents.
86. The painting __________ to a famous collector.
87. He __________ many hobbies.
88. They __________ in working hard.
89. She __________ the need for change.
90. The car __________ to my friend.
91. He __________ the noise from the construction.
92. They __________ content with their decision.
93. She __________ to be very organized.
94. I __________ spending time outdoors.
95. The house __________ by a retired couple.
96. He __________ to lock the door.
97. They __________ the importance of this meeting.
98. She __________ reading to watching TV.
99. The book __________ to the professor.
100. He __________ playing board games with his family.

Đáp án

1. loves
2. know
3. believes
4. prefer
5. understands
6. have
7. belongs
8. hates
9. like
10. is owned
11. remember
12. dislikes
13. seem
14. appears
15. know
16. prefers
17. believes
18. understand
19. owns
20. belongs
21. loves
22. dislike
23. remembers
24. seems
25. appears
26. know
27. prefers
28. have
29. belongs
30. understands
31. believes
32. like
33. dislike
34. remembers
35. seems
36. appears
37. know
38. prefer
39. loves
40. belong
41. understands
42. believe
43. have
44. dislikes
45. is owned
46. remembers
47. seem
48. appears
49. belongs
50. loved
51. know
52. prefers
53. believe
54. is owned
55. disliked
56. understand
57. belongs
58. remembers
59. seems
60. appear
61. know
62. loves
63. is owned
64. understands
65. believe
66. prefers
67. belong
68. dislikes
69. seem
70. appears
71. have
72. is owned
73. remembered
74. understand
75. loves
76. belongs
77. prefers
78. believe
79. dislikes
80. seems
81. appears
82. know
83. like
84. remembered
85. belongs
86. has
87. believe
88. understands
89. belongs
90. dislikes
91. seem
92. appears
93. love
94. is owned
95. remembered
96. know
97. prefers
98. belongs
99. loves