Cụm từ phân từ (Participial Phrase) là một dạng ngữ pháp trong tiếng Anh, sử dụng các phân từ hiện tại (present participle) hoặc phân từ quá khứ (past participle) để bổ sung thông tin chi tiết về danh từ hoặc đại từ trong câu. Dưới đây là cách sử dụng cụm từ phân từ để làm rõ câu trong tiếng Anh:

Phân từ hiện tại (Present Participle Phrase)

Phân từ hiện tại thường kết thúc bằng “-ing” và được sử dụng để mô tả hành động đang diễn ra cùng thời gian với hành động chính.

Cấu trúc:
Danhtừ/ĐạitừDanh từ/Đại từDanhtừ/Đạitừ + PresentParticiplePhrasePresent Participle PhrasePresentParticiplePhrase

Ví dụ:

1. The man running down the street is my neighbor.
   • Người đàn ông đang chạy trên đường là hàng xóm của tôi.
   • Cụm từ phân từ “running down the street” bổ sung thông tin về “the man”.
2. She sat by the window, watching the rain.
   • Cô ấy ngồi bên cửa sổ, ngắm mưa.
   • Cụm từ phân từ “watching the rain” làm rõ hành động của “she”.

Phân từ quá khứ (Past Participle Phrase)

Phân từ quá khứ thường kết thúc bằng “-ed” (hoặc dạng khác đối với động từ bất quy tắc) và được sử dụng để mô tả tình trạng hoặc hành động đã hoàn thành liên quan đến danh từ hoặc đại từ.

Cấu trúc:
Danhtừ/ĐạitừDanh từ/Đại từDanhtừ/Đạitừ + PastParticiplePhrasePast Participle PhrasePastParticiplePhrase

Ví dụ:

1. The book written by J.K. Rowling is a bestseller.
   • Cuốn sách được viết bởi J.K. Rowling là một cuốn bán chạy nhất.
   • Cụm từ phân từ “written by J.K. Rowling” bổ sung thông tin về “the book”.
2. Shocked by the news, she burst into tears.
   • Bị sốc bởi tin tức, cô ấy bật khóc.
   • Cụm từ phân từ “Shocked by the news” làm rõ trạng thái của “she”.

Kết hợp cả hai loại phân từ

Cả hai loại phân từ có thể được sử dụng trong cùng một câu để cung cấp nhiều thông tin hơn.

Ví dụ:

1. The student, carrying a heavy backpack and tired from the long day, decided to rest.
   • Học sinh, mang theo một chiếc ba lô nặng và mệt mỏi sau một ngày dài, quyết định nghỉ ngơi.
   • Cụm từ phân từ “carrying a heavy backpack” và “tired from the long day” bổ sung thông tin về “the student”.
2. The cake, baked to perfection and decorated beautifully, was the highlight of the party.
   • Chiếc bánh, được nướng đến hoàn hảo và trang trí đẹp mắt, là điểm nhấn của bữa tiệc.
   • Cụm từ phân từ “baked to perfection” và “decorated beautifully” bổ sung thông tin về “the cake”.

Chú ý

• Đặt dấu phẩy: Khi cụm từ phân từ đứng đầu câu hoặc nằm giữa câu, nó thường được ngăn cách bằng dấu phẩy.
• Tránh lỗi sai: Đảm bảo rằng cụm từ phân từ rõ ràng và chính xác về danh từ hoặc đại từ mà nó bổ sung thông tin để tránh nhầm lẫn trong câu.

Cụm từ phân từ là một cách hiệu quả để thêm chi tiết và làm rõ câu mà không làm cho câu trở nên quá phức tạp.

Dưới đây là 100 câu bài tập dạng gap filling với cụm từ phân từ, sử dụng cả phân từ hiện tại và phân từ quá khứ để làm rõ câu trong tiếng Anh:

1. The man ______ (run) down the street is my neighbor.
2. She sat by the window, ______ (watch) the rain.
3. The book ______ (write) by J.K. Rowling is a bestseller.
4. Shocked by the news, she ______ (burst) into tears.
5. The student, ______ (carry) a heavy backpack and tired from the long day, decided to rest.
6. The cake, ______ (bake) to perfection and decorated beautifully, was the highlight of the party.
7. ______ (lose) in thought, he didn’t hear the phone ring.
8. The child ______ (play) in the park is my niece.
9. The project, ______ (complete) ahead of schedule, was a great success.
10. ______ (hear) the alarm, she quickly got out of bed.
11. The flowers, ______ (plant) in the spring, are blooming beautifully.
12. ______ (see) the results, he felt relieved.
13. The dog, ______ (find) by the roadside, was taken to the vet.
14. ______ (read) the book, she understood the concept better.
15. The letter ______ (send) yesterday has arrived.
16. ______ (know) the answer, he raised his hand.
17. The house, ______ (paint) blue, stands out in the neighborhood.
18. ______ (finish) her homework, she went out to play.
19. The artist, ______ (inspire) by nature, created a masterpiece.
20. ______ (wait) for the bus, he checked his phone.
21. The meal, ______ (prepare) with care, was delicious.
22. ______ (feel) tired, he went to bed early.
23. The car, ______ (repair) last week, runs smoothly now.
24. ______ (miss) the train, she took a taxi.
25. The cake, ______ (decorate) with fresh flowers, looked stunning.
26. ______ (look) out the window, she saw the rain.
27. The movie, ______ (direct) by a famous filmmaker, received rave reviews.
28. ______ (complete) the exam, he felt confident.
29. The garden, ______ (fill) with flowers, was a sight to behold.
30. ______ (hear) the news, they were overjoyed.
31. The song, ______ (write) by a talented musician, topped the charts.
32. ______ (lose) her keys, she couldn’t enter the house.
33. The cat, ______ (sleep) on the sofa, looked comfortable.
34. ______ (understand) the situation, he took action.
35. The event, ______ (organize) by volunteers, was a success.
36. ______ (feel) hungry, he made a sandwich.
37. The painting, ______ (create) by a local artist, was admired by many.
38. ______ (finish) the project, she took a break.
39. The cake, ______ (bake) by her grandmother, was delicious.
40. ______ (see) the mistake, he corrected it immediately.
41. The story, ______ (tell) by the old man, was fascinating.
42. ______ (watch) the movie, she couldn’t stop laughing.
43. The house, ______ (build) in the 1800s, is a historical landmark.
44. ______ (realize) his mistake, he apologized.
45. The letter, ______ (write) in a hurry, was hard to read.
46. ______ (look) at the map, they found their way.
47. The report, ______ (complete) last week, was approved.
48. ______ (forget) her umbrella, she got wet in the rain.
49. The car, ______ (park) outside, belongs to my neighbor.
50. ______ (hear) a noise, he turned around.
51. The book, ______ (recommend) by a friend, was interesting.
52. ______ (see) the opportunity, he seized it.
53. The team, ______ (work) hard, won the championship.
54. ______ (wait) for the doctor, she read a magazine.
55. The gift, ______ (wrap) beautifully, was under the tree.
56. ______ (know) the answer, she raised her hand.
57. The movie, ______ (film) in various locations, was a hit.
58. ______ (lose) his wallet, he couldn’t pay.
59. The cake, ______ (make) from scratch, was delicious.
60. ______ (see) the sunrise, they were amazed.
61. The bridge, ______ (build) last year, is very sturdy.
62. ______ (hear) the announcement, they rushed to the gate.
63. The painting, ______ (exhibit) in the gallery, was impressive.
64. ______ (finish) the race, he felt exhausted.
65. The dog, ______ (abandon) by its owner, found a new home.
66. ______ (look) at the sky, they saw a shooting star.
67. The essay, ______ (write) by the student, was excellent.
68. ______ (forget) to lock the door, she felt uneasy.
69. The movie, ______ (watch) by millions, broke records.
70. ______ (realize) the danger, they moved away.
71. The song, ______ (sing) by the choir, was beautiful.
72. ______ (see) the accident, she called for help.
73. The cake, ______ (decorate) with icing, looked delicious.
74. ______ (know) the rules, he followed them carefully.
75. The building, ______ (construct) recently, is very modern.
76. ______ (find) a solution, they implemented it immediately.
77. The story, ______ (tell) by the teacher, was engaging.
78. ______ (miss) the deadline, he felt disappointed.
79. The book, ______ (publish) last year, became a bestseller.
80. ______ (hear) the news, they celebrated.
81. The car, ______ (drive) by my friend, is very fast.
82. ______ (see) the opportunity, she took it.
83. The cake, ______ (make) by my mother, is delicious.
84. ______ (realize) the importance, they took action.
85. The report, ______ (write) by the expert, was detailed.
86. ______ (watch) the show, they were entertained.
87. The letter, ______ (write) in English, was easy to read.
88. ______ (know) the truth, he couldn’t hide it.
89. The picture, ______ (paint) by an artist, was beautiful.
90. ______ (hear) the joke, they laughed.
91. The garden, ______ (maintain) regularly, looks lovely.
92. ______ (finish) the assignment, she submitted it.
93. The concert, ______ (attend) by many, was a success.
94. ______ (see) the improvement, they were pleased.
95. The food, ______ (prepare) by a chef, was delicious.
96. ______ (lose) his way, he asked for directions.
97. The game, ______ (play) yesterday, was exciting.
98. ______ (know) the answer, she smiled.
99. The festival, ______ (celebrate) annually, is famous.
100. ______ (see) the result, they cheered.

Dưới đây là 100 câu bài tập với đáp án được bôi đậm:

1. The man running down the street is my neighbor.
2. She sat by the window, watching the rain.
3. The book written by J.K. Rowling is a bestseller.
4. Shocked by the news, she burst into tears.
5. The student, carrying a heavy backpack and tired from the long day, decided to rest.
6. The cake, baked to perfection and decorated beautifully, was the highlight of the party.
7. Lost in thought, he didn’t hear the phone ring.
8. The child playing in the park is my niece.
9. The project, completed ahead of schedule, was a great success.
10. Hearing the alarm, she quickly got out of bed.
11. The flowers, planted in the spring, are blooming beautifully.
12. Seeing the results, he felt relieved.
13. The dog, found by the roadside, was taken to the vet.
14. Reading the book, she understood the concept better.
15. The letter sent yesterday has arrived.
16. Knowing the answer, he raised his hand.
17. The house, painted blue, stands out in the neighborhood.
18. Finishing her homework, she went out to play.
19. The artist, inspired by nature, created a masterpiece.
20. Waiting for the bus, he checked his phone.
21. The meal, prepared with care, was delicious.
22. Feeling tired, he went to bed early.
23. The car, repaired last week, runs smoothly now.
24. Missing the train, she took a taxi.
25. The cake, decorated with fresh flowers, looked stunning.
26. Looking out the window, she saw the rain.
27. The movie, directed by a famous filmmaker, received rave reviews.
28. Completing the exam, he felt confident.
29. The garden, filled with flowers, was a sight to behold.
30. Hearing the news, they were overjoyed.
31. The song, written by a talented musician, topped the charts.
32. Losing her keys, she couldn’t enter the house.
33. The cat, sleeping on the sofa, looked comfortable.
34. Understanding the situation, he took action.
35. The event, organized by volunteers, was a success.
36. Feeling hungry, he made a sandwich.
37. The painting, created by a local artist, was admired by many.
38. Finishing the project, she took a break.
39. The cake, baked by her grandmother, was delicious.
40. Seeing the mistake, he corrected it immediately.
41. The story, told by the old man, was fascinating.
42. Watching the movie, she couldn’t stop laughing.
43. The house, built in the 1800s, is a historical landmark.
44. Realizing his mistake, he apologized.
45. The letter, written in a hurry, was hard to read.
46. Looking at the map, they found their way.
47. The report, completed last week, was approved.
48. Forgetting her umbrella, she got wet in the rain.
49. The car, parked outside, belongs to my neighbor.
50. Hearing a noise, he turned around.
51. The book, recommended by a friend, was interesting.
52. Seeing the opportunity, he seized it.
53. The team, working hard, won the championship.
54. Waiting for the doctor, she read a magazine.
55. The gift, wrapped beautifully, was under the tree.
56. Knowing the answer, she raised her hand.
57. The movie, filmed in various locations, was a hit.
58. Losing his wallet, he couldn’t pay.
59. The cake, made from scratch, was delicious.
60. Seeing the sunrise, they were amazed.
61. The bridge, built last year, is very sturdy.
62. Hearing the announcement, they rushed to the gate.
63. The painting, exhibited in the gallery, was impressive.
64. Finishing the race, he felt exhausted.
65. The dog, abandoned by its owner, found a new home.
66. Looking at the sky, they saw a shooting star.
67. The essay, written by the student, was excellent.
68. Forgetting to lock the door, she felt uneasy.
69. The movie, watched by millions, broke records.
70. Realizing the danger, they moved away.
71. The song, sung by the choir, was beautiful.
72. Seeing the accident, she called for help.
73. The cake, decorated with icing, looked delicious.
74. Knowing the rules, he followed them carefully.
75. The building, constructed recently, is very modern.
76. Finding a solution, they implemented it immediately.
77. The story, told by the teacher, was engaging.
78. Missing the deadline, he felt disappointed.
79. The book, published last year, became a bestseller.
80. Hearing the news, they celebrated.
81. The car, driven by my friend, is very fast.
82. Seeing the opportunity, she took it.
83. The cake, made by my mother, is delicious.
84. Realizing the importance, they took action.
85. The report, written by the expert, was detailed.
86. Watching the show, they were entertained.
87. The letter, written in English, was easy to read.
88. Knowing the truth, he couldn’t hide it.
89. The picture, painted by an artist, was beautiful.
90. Hearing the joke, they laughed.
91. The garden, maintained regularly, looks lovely.
92. Finishing the assignment, she submitted it.
93. The concert, attended by many, was a success.
94. Seeing the improvement, they were pleased.
95. The food, prepared by a chef, was delicious.
96. Losing his way, he asked for directions.
97. The game, played yesterday, was exciting.
98. Knowing the answer, she smiled.
99. The festival, celebrated annually, is famous.
100. Seeing the result, they cheered.

Đọc thêm Cấu trúc với “wish” và “if only”.