“no,” “not any,” và “none” đều là những từ phủ định nhưng chúng được sử dụng trong các ngữ cảnh và cấu trúc khác nhau.

1. No

• Ý nghĩa: “No” được sử dụng như một từ hạn định phủ định trước danh từ, phủ định hoàn toàn sự tồn tại của đối tượng đó.
• Cấu trúc: No + Danh từ số ít/số nhiều
• Ví dụ:
  • “There is no time left.”
  • “No students were present at the meeting.”

2. Not Any

• Ý nghĩa: “Not any” được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh phủ định, thường được sử dụng khi muốn làm rõ sự phủ định trong một câu. Nó có thể thay thế cho “no” trong một số trường hợp, nhưng “not any” thường nhấn mạnh hơn.
• Cấu trúc: Not + Any + Danh từ số ít/số nhiều
• Ví dụ:
  • “There aren’t any tickets available.”
  • “He didn’t have any doubts about the decision.”

3. None

• Ý nghĩa: “None” được sử dụng để thay thế cho một danh từ đã được nhắc đến trước đó, thể hiện sự phủ định hoàn toàn.
• Cấu trúc: None + of + Tân ngữ
• Ví dụ:
  • “None of the options are suitable.”
  • “None of them came to the party.”

Sử dụng trong các cấu trúc phức tạp:

1. Cấu trúc “No” với danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều:
   • “No students have submitted their assignments.”
   • “No evidence was found to support the theory.”
2. Cấu trúc “Not Any” với các dạng khác nhau của động từ:
   • “She has not received any information regarding the project.”
   • “There were not any mistakes in his work.”
3. Cấu trúc “None” với danh từ và đại từ:
   • “None of the books on the shelf belong to me.”
   • “None of the solutions were effective.”

Lưu ý:

• “No” thường được sử dụng để làm câu gọn gàng hơn, trong khi “not any” nhấn mạnh hơn sự phủ định.
• “None” có thể đi kèm với động từ số ít hoặc số nhiều tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh.

Bài tập

1. There is __________ milk left in the fridge.
2. __________ of the students passed the exam.
3. She had __________ idea about the meeting.
4. __________ of the books on the table belong to me.
5. They found __________ evidence to support the claim.
6. __________ of the solutions were acceptable.
7. There were __________ mistakes in the document.
8. He has __________ friends in this city.
9. __________ of the money was spent wisely.
10. We have __________ time to waste.
11. __________ of the options is suitable.
12. She made __________ effort to complete the task.
13. __________ of the employees were happy with the decision.
14. There is __________ way to solve this problem.
15. __________ of the candidates was selected.
16. He showed __________ interest in the offer.
17. __________ of the rooms was clean.
18. They found __________ reason to continue the project.
19. __________ of the proposals were accepted.
20. There is __________ one who can help.
21. __________ of the items was delivered on time.
22. We have __________ other options.
23. __________ of the guests attended the event.
24. She has __________ time to finish the report.
25. __________ of the tasks was completed.
26. There are __________ tickets available.
27. __________ of the plans worked out.
28. He had __________ questions about the topic.
29. __________ of the participants arrived on time.
30. There is __________ chance of success.
31. __________ of the furniture was damaged.
32. We found __________ solution to the problem.
33. __________ of the letters were delivered.
34. She had __________ experience in this field.
35. __________ of the cookies was eaten.
36. There were __________ witnesses to the accident.
37. __________ of the doors was locked.
38. They made __________ effort to improve the situation.
39. __________ of the assignments was completed.
40. There is __________ doubt about the outcome.
41. __________ of the theories was proven correct.
42. She gave __________ thought to the matter.
43. __________ of the options was appealing.
44. There are __________ apples left in the basket.
45. __________ of the documents was signed.
46. We have __________ resources left.
47. __________ of the arguments was convincing.
48. He had __________ reason to be upset.
49. __________ of the students attended the lecture.
50. There is __________ hope for a resolution.
51. __________ of the tests was difficult.
52. She showed __________ concern about the issue.
53. __________ of the candidates was suitable.
54. We received __________ responses to the survey.
55. __________ of the paintings was original.
56. There is __________ need to worry.
57. __________ of the members agreed to the proposal.
58. He had __________ objections to the plan.
59. __________ of the rooms was available.
60. There were __________ signs of improvement.
61. __________ of the proposals was feasible.
62. She found __________ interest in the conversation.
63. __________ of the chairs was comfortable.
64. They have __________ intention of leaving.
65. __________ of the ideas was innovative.
66. There is __________ reason to doubt his honesty.
67. __________ of the employees was laid off.
68. We have __________ choice but to proceed.
69. __________ of the children was happy with the outcome.
70. There were __________ complaints from the customers.
71. __________ of the tasks was easy.
72. He made __________ attempt to solve the puzzle.
73. __________ of the solutions was perfect.
74. We received __________ information from the source.
75. __________ of the cats was hungry.
76. There were __________ answers to the question.
77. __________ of the suggestions was accepted.
78. She found __________ fault in his work.
79. __________ of the emails was important.
80. We have __________ plans for the weekend.
81. __________ of the participants was satisfied.
82. There is __________ point in arguing further.
83. __________ of the predictions came true.
84. He has __________ money left in his wallet.
85. __________ of the workers finished the project.
86. We made __________ progress on the assignment.
87. __________ of the answers was correct.
88. There are __________ tickets available for the concert.
89. __________ of the students was late.
90. She showed __________ emotion during the speech.
91. __________ of the windows was open.
92. We found __________ evidence to support the theory.
93. __________ of the applicants was chosen.
94. There is __________ way to reverse the decision.
95. __________ of the seats was occupied.
96. She has __________ intention of quitting her job.
97. __________ of the problems was resolved.
98. We have __________ option but to wait.
99. __________ of the witnesses was reliable.
100. There is __________ need for further discussion.

Đáp án

1. No
2. None
3. No
4. None
5. No
6. None
7. No
8. No
9. None
10. No
11. None
12. No
13. None
14. No
15. None
16. No
17. None
18. No
19. None
20. No
21. None
22. No
23. None
24. No
25. None
26. No
27. None
28. No
29. None
30. No
31. None
32. No
33. None
34. No
35. None
36. No
37. None
38. No
39. None
40. No
41. None
42. No
43. None
44. No
45. None
46. No
47. None
48. No
49. None
50. No
51. None
52. No
53. None
54. No
55. None
56. No
57. None
58. No
59. None
60. No
61. None
62. No
63. None
64. No
65. None
66. No
67. None
68. No
69. None
70. No
71. None
72. No
73. None
74. No
75. None
76. No
77. None
78. No
79. None
80. No
81. None
82. No
83. None
84. No
85. None
86. No
87. None
88. No
89. None
90. No
91. None
92. No
93. None
94. No
95. None
96. No
97. None
98. No
99. None
100. No