Thể bị động có thể được sử dụng với các cụm động từ (phrasal verbs), và cách sử dụng này thường làm cho câu có phần phức tạp hơn so với việc chỉ sử dụng động từ đơn lẻ.

Cấu Trúc Cơ Bản

1. Cấu trúc cơ bản của câu bị động với cụm động từ:
   • [Subject] + [Form of “to be”] + [Past Participle of Main Verb] + [by + Agent]
2. Ví dụ:
   • “The report was looked over by the manager.”

Cụm Động Từ Đưa Được Vào Thể Bị Động

1. Các cụm động từ không thể đưa vào thể bị động:
   • Một số cụm động từ không thể chuyển sang thể bị động vì chúng không có dạng bị động tự nhiên. Ví dụ: “get along with” (hòa hợp với), “look after” (chăm sóc), “give up” (từ bỏ).
2. Các cụm động từ có thể chuyển sang thể bị động:
   • Nhiều cụm động từ có thể chuyển sang thể bị động, nhưng cách sử dụng sẽ thay đổi tùy thuộc vào cấu trúc cụm động từ. Dưới đây là hai loại chính:

1. Cụm Động Từ Có Tân Ngữ (Transitive Phrasal Verbs)

• Ví dụ: “put off” (hoãn lại), “take up” (bắt đầu một sở thích)
• Thì bị động: Chúng có thể được chuyển sang thể bị động bằng cách giữ nguyên cụm động từ và thay đổi động từ chính.
  • “The meeting was put off by the manager.” (Cuộc họp bị hoãn lại bởi người quản lý.)
  • “A new hobby was taken up by John.” (Một sở thích mới được John bắt đầu.)

2. Cụm Động Từ Không Có Tân Ngữ (Intransitive Phrasal Verbs)

• Ví dụ: “come up” (xuất hiện), “run out” (hết)
• Thì bị động: Những cụm động từ không có tân ngữ không thể đưa vào thể bị động vì chúng không có đối tượng trực tiếp. Ví dụ:
  • Không thể nói: “The supplies were run out by the store.” (Câu này không đúng.)

Lưu Ý Quan Trọng

• Vị trí của Tân Ngữ: Khi cụm động từ có tân ngữ, tân ngữ có thể đứng giữa động từ và phần giới từ (nếu có), hoặc đứng sau phần giới từ. Ví dụ:
  • “She turned down the offer.” → “The offer was turned down (by her).”
• Sự Thay Đổi Nghĩa: Đôi khi việc chuyển sang thể bị động có thể làm thay đổi chút ít về ý nghĩa hoặc làm câu trở nên kém tự nhiên.

Bài tập

1. The book ______ by a famous author.
2. The car ______ by the mechanic yesterday.
3. The homework ______ by the students last night.
4. The project ______ before the deadline.
5. The house ______ by the new owners.
6. The cake ______ by my mother for the party.
7. The letter ______ by the secretary last week.
8. The email ______ by the manager this morning.
9. The movie ______ by a well-known filmmaker.
10. The song ______ by the choir at the concert.
11. The rules ______ clearly by the teacher.
12. The proposal ______ by the committee yesterday.
13. The decision ______ by the board of directors.
14. The website ______ regularly by the IT team.
15. The package ______ to the wrong address.
16. The problem ______ by the engineers last month.
17. The report ______ by the supervisor.
18. The speech ______ by the president at the conference.
19. The experiment ______ in the laboratory last week.
20. The book ______ by a leading publishing house.
21. The dress ______ by a famous fashion designer.
22. The car ______ by the children yesterday.
23. The song ______ by a popular musician.
24. The garden ______ by the gardener every day.
25. The invitation ______ to all guests last week.
26. The law ______ by the government last year.
27. The artwork ______ by a local artist.
28. The package ______ by mistake.
29. The dinner ______ by the chef for the guests.
30. The instructions ______ carefully by the team.
31. The magazine ______ to by many people.
32. The rules ______ by the organization recently.
33. The concert ______ by hundreds of fans.
34. The test ______ by the teacher last Friday.
35. The book ______ by many students in the class.
36. The cake ______ by the children at the party.
37. The letter ______ by the CEO.
38. The show ______ by the actors on stage.
39. The data ______ by the researchers.
40. The announcement ______ by the principal this morning.
41. The gift ______ beautifully by the shop assistant.
42. The car ______ to the repair shop yesterday.
43. The conference ______ by the committee.
44. The document ______ by the director.
45. The results ______ in the newspaper last week.
46. The house ______ by the real estate agent.
47. The lesson ______ by the new instructor.
48. The phone ______ by the receptionist.
49. The movie ______ in theaters last summer.
50. The food ______ by the chef in the restaurant.
51. The software ______ on all computers.
52. The book ______ from the library.
53. The car ______ in the wrong spot.
54. The room ______ by the housekeeping staff.
55. The schedule ______ by the manager.
56. The research ______ by a team of scientists.
57. The play ______ by a famous playwright.
58. The email ______ by the customer service team.
59. The gift ______ by the customer.
60. The plane ______ safely after the storm.
61. The project ______ in the meeting.
62. The house ______ by the owners.
63. The car ______ to the park by the family.
64. The complaint ______ by the customer service.
65. The advertisement ______ in the magazine.
66. The conference ______ at the convention center.
67. The information ______ by the surveyors.
68. The painting ______ in the gallery.
69. The book ______ by the librarian.
70. The new policy ______ by the company.
71. The report ______ to the board.
72. The experiment ______ by the researchers.
73. The reservation ______ by the hotel.
74. The presentation ______ by the team.
75. The movie ______ by the critic.
76. The car ______ by the dealership.
77. The invitation ______ by the guest.
78. The letter ______ by the postman.
79. The meeting ______ for next week.
80. The request ______ by the office staff.
81. The product ______ by the company.
82. The dinner ______ by the waitstaff.
83. The news ______ on television.
84. The song ______ by the artist.
85. The review ______ online.
86. The decision ______ after careful consideration.
87. The article ______ by the journalist.
88. The order ______ by the warehouse.
89. The book ______ by the friend.
90. The map ______ by the cartographer.
91. The concert ______ due to the weather.
92. The test ______ by the teacher.
93. The class ______ by the professor.
94. The product ______ overseas.
95. The magazine ______ a famous actor.
96. The song ______ on the radio.
97. The project ______ ahead of schedule.
98. The policy ______ by the management.
99. The book ______ into several languages.
100. The event ______ with a big party.

Đáp án

1. was written
2. was repaired
3. was completed
4. was finished
5. was decorated
6. was baked
7. was sent
8. was read
9. was directed
10. was sung
11. were explained
12. was accepted
13. was made
14. was updated
15. was delivered
16. was solved
17. was reviewed
18. was given
19. was conducted
20. was published
21. was designed
22. was washed
23. was written
24. was watered
25. was sent
26. was passed
27. was created
28. was opened
29. was prepared
30. were followed
31. was subscribed
32. were changed
33. was attended
34. was administered
35. was read
36. was eaten
37. was written
38. was performed
39. was analyzed
40. was made
41. was wrapped
42. was driven
43. was organized
44. was signed
45. were published
46. was sold
47. was taught
48. was answered
49. was shown
50. was cooked
51. was installed
52. was borrowed
53. was parked
54. was cleaned
55. was changed
56. was conducted
57. was written
58. was replied
59. was chosen
60. was landed
61. was discussed
62. was renovated
63. was driven
64. was received
65. was published
66. was held
67. was collected
68. was hung
69. was recommended
70. was introduced
71. was submitted
72. was repeated
73. was confirmed
74. was prepared
75. was reviewed
76. was serviced
77. was accepted
78. was delivered
79. was scheduled
80. was processed
81. was launched
82. was served
83. was broadcast
84. was recorded
85. was published
86. was reached
87. was written
88. was fulfilled
89. was recommended
90. was drawn
91. was canceled
92. was graded
93. was conducted
94. was manufactured
95. was featured
96. was played
97. was finished
98. was reviewed
99. was translated
100. was celebrated