Thể bị động với động từ nguyên mẫu trong tiếng Anh có thể được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động mà đối tượng bị tác động bởi hành động đó. Cấu trúc này thường được dùng trong các tình huống trang trọng hơn hoặc khi bạn muốn nhấn mạnh vào đối tượng bị ảnh hưởng.

1. Cấu trúc “to be done”

Cấu trúc “to be done” được sử dụng để chỉ một hành động đang hoặc sẽ được thực hiện đối với đối tượng trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

1.1. Cấu trúc:

• Subject + [form of “to be”] + done

Ví dụ:

1. “The report is to be finished by Friday.” (Báo cáo sẽ được hoàn thành trước thứ Sáu.)
2. “The project is to be reviewed by the end of the month.” (Dự án sẽ được xem xét trước cuối tháng.)

1.2. Cách sử dụng:

• Diễn tả dự định hoặc kế hoạch: Dùng khi nói về các hành động dự kiến sẽ được thực hiện trong tương lai.
  • “The building is to be renovated next year.” (Tòa nhà sẽ được cải tạo vào năm tới.)
• Diễn tả sự bắt buộc hoặc yêu cầu: Dùng khi nhấn mạnh rằng một hành động cần phải được thực hiện.
  • “The documents are to be submitted by the deadline.” (Các tài liệu phải được nộp trước hạn chót.)

2. Cấu trúc “to have been done”

Cấu trúc “to have been done” được sử dụng để chỉ một hành động đã hoàn tất trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác trong quá khứ.

2.1. Cấu trúc:

• Subject + [form of “to have”] + been + done

Ví dụ:

1. “The report is expected to have been finished by the time we arrive.” (Báo cáo dự kiến sẽ được hoàn thành trước khi chúng tôi đến.)
2. “The renovations are claimed to have been completed last month.” (Các công việc cải tạo được cho là đã hoàn tất vào tháng trước.)

2.2. Cách sử dụng:

• Diễn tả sự hoàn tất trong quá khứ: Dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh rằng một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm cụ thể.
  • “The work is likely to have been completed before the review meeting.” (Công việc có thể đã được hoàn tất trước cuộc họp đánh giá.)
• Diễn tả các giả định về quá khứ: Dùng khi nói về các hành động mà bạn cho rằng đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
  • “The results are presumed to have been analyzed already.” (Các kết quả được cho là đã được phân tích rồi.)

Lưu ý khi sử dụng

• Tính chính xác về thời gian: Đảm bảo rằng bạn chọn cấu trúc phù hợp để diễn tả thời gian của hành động (hiện tại/tương lai hoặc quá khứ).
• Tính trang trọng: Các cấu trúc này thường được dùng trong văn viết trang trọng hoặc các tài liệu chính thức.

Bài tập

1. The proposal is expected ____ by the end of this week.
2. The documents are said ____ before the meeting.
3. The report is to be reviewed ____ the supervisor.
4. The new system is anticipated ____ by the end of the year.
5. The assignment is to be submitted ____ Friday.
6. The project is believed ____ on time.
7. The event is to be held ____ next month.
8. The instructions are to be followed ____ carefully.
9. The policy changes are expected ____ soon.
10. The contracts are to be signed ____ the parties involved.
11. The meeting is scheduled ____ next Wednesday.
12. The software update is said ____ completed last week.
13. The new regulations are expected ____ in the next quarter.
14. The files are to be organized ____ the team.
15. The research findings are to be presented ____ the conference.
16. The review is expected ____ by the end of this month.
17. The product is anticipated ____ in stores next year.
18. The presentation is to be prepared ____ the marketing team.
19. The guidelines are to be followed ____ the new procedures.
20. The report is to be finished ____ the deadline.
21. The equipment is said ____ repaired by now.
22. The meeting is planned ____ to discuss the new strategy.
23. The proposal is expected ____ by the board of directors.
24. The results are thought ____ before the announcement.
25. The website is to be launched ____ the end of the quarter.
26. The documents are anticipated ____ by next week.
27. The recommendations are to be reviewed ____ the management team.
28. The seminar is to be conducted ____ the end of this month.
29. The contract is expected ____ before the deadline.
30. The project is to be completed ____ the end of the year.
31. The test results are said ____ by the end of the day.
32. The report is to be finalized ____ the research team.
33. The budget is expected ____ by the finance department.
34. The new policy is to be implemented ____ next month.
35. The orders are believed ____ shipped by now.
36. The proposal is to be discussed ____ the meeting next week.
37. The document is said ____ by the end of the week.
38. The application is to be processed ____ the administration office.
39. The changes are expected ____ within the next few weeks.
40. The new regulations are to be enforced ____ the new policy.
41. The presentation is to be delivered ____ the conference.
42. The files are expected ____ by the IT department.
43. The training is to be completed ____ the end of the quarter.
44. The event is said ____ a success.
45. The update is to be provided ____ the project manager.
46. The feedback is expected ____ by the end of the week.
47. The system is to be upgraded ____ the IT team.
48. The plans are said ____ finalized by now.
49. The report is to be written ____ the analysis team.
50. The issue is expected ____ resolved soon.
51. The materials are to be prepared ____ the next meeting.
52. The results are believed ____ available by next week.
53. The assignment is to be handed ____ by Friday.
54. The proposal is said ____ approved by the committee.
55. The work is to be completed ____ the deadline.
56. The new software is expected ____ launched next month.
57. The guidelines are to be updated ____ the new procedures.
58. The project is to be started ____ next month.
59. The review is to be conducted ____ the end of this week.
60. The schedule is said ____ revised recently.
61. The application is to be approved ____ the committee.
62. The report is expected ____ submitted by the end of the day.
63. The data is to be analyzed ____ the research team.
64. The presentation is to be ready ____ the conference next week.
65. The budget is believed ____ reviewed by now.
66. The changes are to be implemented ____ the new guidelines.
67. The plan is expected ____ discussed at the next meeting.
68. The work is to be finished ____ the end of the project.
69. The software is said ____ tested before release.
70. The feedback is to be collected ____ the participants.
71. The strategy is to be outlined ____ the management team.
72. The project is expected ____ completed by the end of the month.
73. The policy is to be revised ____ the new regulations.
74. The meeting is said ____ postponed due to the schedule conflict.
75. The instructions are expected ____ followed carefully.
76. The report is to be prepared ____ the end of the day.
77. The budget is to be finalized ____ the finance department.
78. The proposal is expected ____ discussed in the next meeting.
79. The document is to be signed ____ the relevant authorities.
80. The results are to be announced ____ the end of the week.
81. The plan is to be implemented ____ next quarter.
82. The seminar is expected ____ attended by many professionals.
83. The project is to be completed ____ the end of this month.
84. The update is said ____ provided by the end of the week.
85. The file is to be submitted ____ the project manager.
86. The feedback is expected ____ reviewed by now.
87. The meeting is to be held ____ the office next Tuesday.
88. The guidelines are to be followed ____ the new procedures.
89. The training is to be conducted ____ the end of this month.
90. The documents are said ____ prepared by the deadline.
91. The task is expected ____ completed before the meeting.
92. The proposal is to be submitted ____ the review board.
93. The system is to be tested ____ the engineering team.
94. The report is to be discussed ____ the next session.
95. The changes are expected ____ made by the end of this week.
96. The review is to be done ____ the management team.
97. The new software is said ____ installed by now.
98. The strategy is to be revised ____ the new market conditions.
99. The presentation is to be delivered ____ the conference next month.
100. The plan is expected ____ approved by the end of this week.

Đáp án

1. to be finished
2. to have been completed
3. to be reviewed
4. to be completed
5. to be submitted
6. to be done
7. to be held
8. to be followed
9. to be implemented
10. to be signed
11. to be held
12. to have been completed
13. to be introduced
14. to be organized
15. to be presented
16. to be reviewed
17. to be available
18. to be prepared
19. to be followed
20. to be done
21. to be
22. to be held
23. to be approved
24. to have been completed
25. to be launched
26. to be completed
27. to be reviewed
28. to be conducted
29. to be done
30. to be completed
31. to be finished
32. to be finalized
33. to be reviewed
34. to be implemented
35. to have been
36. to be discussed
37. to be done
38. to be processed
39. to be implemented
40. to be enforced
41. to be delivered
42. to be organized
43. to be completed
44. to be
45. to be provided
46. to be given
47. to be upgraded
48. to be
49. to be written
50. to be
51. to be prepared
52. to be available
53. to be handed
54. to be approved
55. to be finished
56. to be
57. to be updated
58. to be started
59. to be conducted
60. to have been
61. to be approved
62. to be submitted
63. to be analyzed
64. to be ready
65. to have been
66. to be implemented
67. to be discussed
68. to be finished
69. to be
70. to be collected
71. to be outlined
72. to be completed
73. to be revised
74. to have been
75. to be followed
76. to be prepared
77. to be finalized
78. to be discussed
79. to be signed
80. to be announced
81. to be implemented
82. to be
83. to be completed
84. to be
85. to be submitted
86. to have been reviewed
87. to be held
88. to be followed
89. to be conducted
90. to have been prepared
91. to be
92. to be submitted
93. to be tested
94. to be discussed
95. to be
96. to be done
97. to be
98. to be revised
99. to be delivered
100. to be approved